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考研英語(yǔ)閱讀理解推理引申題詳解

時(shí)間:2024-10-10 00:40:49 考研英語(yǔ) 我要投稿
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考研英語(yǔ)閱讀理解推理引申題詳解

  同學(xué)們在準備考研的時(shí)候,英語(yǔ)是一大難關(guān),為了幫助大家順利通關(guān)考研,下面yjbys網(wǎng)小編為大家帶來(lái)考研英語(yǔ)閱讀理解推理引申題解析,希望對大家有所幫助!

考研英語(yǔ)閱讀理解推理引申題詳解

  考研英語(yǔ)閱讀理解推理引申題詳解

  考研英語(yǔ)閱讀理解六大題型中,推理引申題(推理判斷題)主要考查同學(xué)對段落中心的掌握。"吾將上下而求索",通過(guò)對考研英語(yǔ)歷年真題的研究,發(fā)現段落中心也有其出現的基本位置及其相應的特點(diǎn),共分為三種:1.段首句;2.段首段中;3.段落首末句。

  一、段首句作為段落論點(diǎn)

  段首句作為段落論點(diǎn),其特點(diǎn)是段首句為論點(diǎn),后面句子內容為論據,論據用來(lái)證明論點(diǎn),支撐論點(diǎn)。初高中語(yǔ)文閱讀理解及議論文作文的寫(xiě)作中,同學(xué)學(xué)到的事實(shí)論據,引用名家名言,名人觀(guān)點(diǎn)等論據同樣適用于英語(yǔ)議論文;诳佳杏⒄Z(yǔ)閱讀理解四篇文章都是學(xué)術(shù)性議論文的特征,段落里出現的論據形式通常為數字論據;表示已經(jīng)存在,已經(jīng)發(fā)生事情的事實(shí)論據和引用他人觀(guān)點(diǎn)的名家名言論據。段落推斷題的答案選項即為段落中心句的同意替換。

  例,And yet, the myth of controlling the waters persists. This week, in the heart of civilized Europe, Slovaks and Hungarians stopped just short of sending in the troops in their contention over a dam on the Danube. The huge complex will probably have all the usual problems of big dams. But Slovakia is bidding for independence from the Czechs, and now needs a dam to prove itself.(1998,Text 1, para.4)

  首句之后,由this week 時(shí)間詞引出了斯洛伐克想要派兵爭奪大壩,直至末句說(shuō)斯洛伐克為證明自己實(shí)力,需要占有大壩。自首句之后,余下內容一直在論述一個(gè)真實(shí)存在的事實(shí),屬于事實(shí)論據,證明段落首句"控制水仍在繼續"。

  段首句作為段落論點(diǎn)的情況最常見(jiàn),頻率也最高。其特點(diǎn)概括為:段落首句是論點(diǎn),段落論據是論證,論點(diǎn)論據不可分。

  二、段首段中作為段落論點(diǎn)

  段落首句是論點(diǎn),段落中間出現由But,However等轉折詞引導的句子,兩者結合起來(lái)共同作為段落中心論點(diǎn)。轉折句引出的論點(diǎn)通常作為段首首句的補充,擴充,延續說(shuō)明及重點(diǎn)強調部分,所以做這類(lèi)推理判斷題,一定要將段首論點(diǎn)和段中轉折提出的論點(diǎn)結合到一起,才能做到對段落中心把握到位,把握精準。

  例,The full import may take a while to sink in. The NT Rights of the Terminally Ill law has left physicians and citizens alike trying to deal with its moral and practical implications. Some have breathed sighs of relief, others, including churches, right-to-life groups and the Australian Medical Association, bitterly attacked the bill and the haste of its passage. But the tide is unlikely to turn back. In Australia -- where an aging population, life-extending technology and changing community attitudes have all played their part -- other states are going to consider making a similar law to deal with euthanasia. In the US and Canada, where the right-to-die movement is gathering strength, observers are waiting for the dominoes to start falling.(1997,Text 1, para.2)

  段首句是論點(diǎn),因為其后的句子,由some...other...,結構講述人們對論點(diǎn)持有不同意見(jiàn),所以,這一法案的重要性還需要時(shí)間被理解。段中出現由But引導的轉折句,引出觀(guān)點(diǎn)安樂(lè )死之潮流不可逆轉,根據段首論點(diǎn),進(jìn)一步提出另一個(gè)論點(diǎn)。

  段首段中作為段落論點(diǎn)的特點(diǎn)為:段落首句是論點(diǎn),段中轉折是論點(diǎn),首論中論相輔相成。

  三、段落首末句作為段落論點(diǎn)

  段落首末句作為段落論點(diǎn)。需要同學(xué)注意的是,尋找段落中心位置時(shí)的優(yōu)先順序,首先讀段首句,發(fā)現存在證明首句論點(diǎn)的論據時(shí),確定段首是論點(diǎn)。其次,看段中有沒(méi)有轉折,如果沒(méi)有,再看末句,看是否是首句論點(diǎn)的進(jìn)一步延伸或補充論點(diǎn)。

  例,Straitford president George Friedman says he sees the online world as a kind of mutually reinforcing tool for both information collection and distribution, a spymaster's dream. Last week his firm was busy vacuuming up data bits from the far corners of the world and predicting a crisis in Ukraine. "As soon as that report runs, we'll suddenly get 500 new Internet sign-ups from Ukraine," says Friedman, a former political science professor. "And we'll hear back from some of them." Open-source spying does have its risks, of course, since it can be difficult to tell good information from bad. That's where Straitford earns its keep.(2003,Text 1, para.4)

  段落首句是論點(diǎn),反推可知,其后緊跟的句子是喬治說(shuō)的兩句話(huà),論據為名人觀(guān)點(diǎn),加之論述上周公司情況,這一事實(shí)論據。末句引出開(kāi)放資源存在風(fēng)險,很難判斷信息的正誤,好壞---這也正是公司安身立命之處。末句根據首句論點(diǎn)"信息的收集與發(fā)布的工具",進(jìn)一步提出"判斷這些信息正誤好壞"的論點(diǎn)。

  推理引申題的解題,最好是首先依照優(yōu)先順序找準段落中心句,根據同意替換,選出正確選項,同學(xué)們在平時(shí)練習中,要有這種意識,有意識地去段落三個(gè)基本位置找中心句,選出同意替換句。

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