萬(wàn)圣節的由來(lái)英文簡(jiǎn)介
眾所周知，在西方國家，每年的10月31日為“萬(wàn)圣節之夜”。萬(wàn)圣節是西方國家的傳統節日。下面帶來(lái)萬(wàn)圣節的由來(lái)英文簡(jiǎn)介，希望能幫到你!
Halloween, or Hallowe'en, a holiday celebrated on the night of October 31, is a mix of ancient Celtic practices, Catholic and Roman religious rituals and European folk traditions that blended together over time to create the holiday we know today.
萬(wàn)圣節前夜(每年10月31日)，在其形成過(guò)程中逐漸融合了凱爾特習俗、天主教儀式和歐洲民間傳統，最終形成了我們今天所見(jiàn)的這樣一個(gè)節日。
Ancient
遠古時(shí)期
Shades: Throughout ancient history, Shades meant the spirit of a dead person, residing in the underworld.
幽靈：遠古時(shí)期，人們認為幽靈是生活在地下世界的死者的靈魂。
Carving gourds into elaborately decorated lanterns dates back thousands of years to Africa.
將葫蘆精雕細刻、做成燈籠的習俗可追溯到幾千年前的非洲。
800-450 B.C.
公元前800-450年
The ancient Celts believed that wearing masks would ward off evil spirits.
古凱爾特人相信戴上面具可以避開(kāi)邪靈。
Pre-1st Century
1世紀前
Samhain: The Festival of Samhain is a celebration of the end of the Gaelic harvest season.
死神節：蓋爾人(蘇格蘭和愛(ài)爾蘭的凱爾特人)慶祝豐收季節結束的節日。
1st Century
1世紀
Gaels believed that the border between this world and the otherworld became thin on Sambain; because animals and plants were dying, it allowed the dead to reach back through the veil that separated them from the living.
蓋爾人相信，在死神節，現世與冥界的邊界會(huì )逐漸消失。動(dòng)物和植物紛紛死去，而死者將穿過(guò)把他們同生者隔開(kāi)的幕布重回世間。
Bonfires played a major role in the Festival of Samhain. Celebrants wore costumes, mostly skins and animal heads, and danced around bonfires.
篝火對于死神節來(lái)說(shuō)是必不可少的。參加慶典的人們穿上動(dòng)物的皮毛和頭顱做成的服裝，圍著(zhù)篝火舞蹈。
By A.D. 43, Romans had conquered much of Celtic territory. Two Roman festivals were combined with the Celtic celebration of Samhain: Feralia, a day in late October when Romans commemorated the passing of the dead, and a day to honor Pomona, Roman goddess of fruit and trees.
公元43年，羅馬人占領(lǐng)了凱爾特人的大部分領(lǐng)土，并將兩個(gè)羅馬節日與死神節的`傳統結合起來(lái)：一個(gè)是紀念死者的Feralia節(十月末的一天)，另一個(gè)是紀念羅馬的果樹(shù)女神Pomona的節日。
Werewolf: The original werewolf of classical mythology, Lycaon, a king of Arcadia who, according to Ovid's Metamorphoses, was turned into a ravenous wolf by Zeus. Possibly the source of the term lycanthropy.
狼人：古羅馬詩(shī)人奧維德在他的《變形記》中描繪了古典神話(huà)中狼人的原型——阿卡迪亞王呂卡翁，由于觸怒天神宙斯而被變成了一匹狼。也許“變狼妄想狂”一詞就是來(lái)源于這個(gè)故事。
3rd Century
3世紀
In the Roman Catholic church, a commemoration of "All Martyrs" was celebrated between mid April and early May.
在每年四月中旬到五月初這段時(shí)間，羅馬天主教會(huì )慶祝一個(gè)名為“眾殉道者節”的紀念性節日。
7th Century
7世紀
The festival of All Siants dates to May 13 in 609 or 610, when Pope Boniface IVconsecrated the Pantheon at Rome.
公元609或610年，教皇卜尼法斯四世為羅馬萬(wàn)神殿祝圣，并將5月13日定為“眾圣人節”。
This date was an ancient pagan observation, the end of the Feast of the Lemures, in which the evil and restless spirits of all the dead were appeased.
這一節期原本是古老的異教節日——勒姆瑞斯(夜游魂)節的末尾，在這一節日期間人們試圖安撫那些邪惡且永不安寧的亡魂。
8th Century
8世紀
Pope Gregory III designated November 1st All Saints' Day, a time to honor saints and martyrs.
教皇格列高利三世將每年11月1日定為“眾圣人節”，以此紀念圣人和殉道者。
Many believe the pope was attempting to replace the Celtic festival of the dead with a related, but church-sanctioned holiday.
人們相信，教皇此舉是為了用一個(gè)教會(huì )認可的節日來(lái)替代凱爾特的亡者之節日。
Saint Boniface declared that belief in the existence of witches was un-Christian.
圣卜尼法斯(680-754，本篤會(huì )修士，美因茨大主教)宣布，相信女巫的存在是不合基督教教義的。
10th Century
10世紀
The Catholic church made November 2nd All Souls' Day, a day to honor the dead.
天主教會(huì )將每年11月2日定為“萬(wàn)靈節”，以紀念死者。
The three Catholic celebrations, the eve of All Saints', All Saints', and All Souls', were called Hallowmas.
至此，天主教的三大節日——眾圣人節前夜，眾圣人節，萬(wàn)靈節，被統稱(chēng)為“Hallowmas”(即“萬(wàn)圣節”之意)。
Middle Ages
中世紀
Carved turnips in Ireland and Scotland are used as candle lanterns in windows to ward off harmful spirits.
在愛(ài)爾蘭和蘇格蘭，人們將蕪菁(形似蘿卜)雕刻成燈籠放在窗臺上，以此抵擋邪靈。
Soul cakes, often simply referred to as souls, were given out to soulers (mainly consisting of children and the poor) who would go from door to door on Hallowmas singing and saying prayers for the dead. Each cake eaten would represent a soul being freed from Purgatory.
另一項傳統習俗涉及“靈魂餅”：在萬(wàn)圣節期間，小孩和窮人會(huì )挨家挨戶(hù)地唱歌并為死者祈禱，人們則給他們一種被稱(chēng)作“靈魂餅”的點(diǎn)心作為報酬。據說(shuō)每吃掉一個(gè)“靈魂餅”，就會(huì )有一個(gè)靈魂被從煉獄中拯救出來(lái)。
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