試卷商務(wù)英語(yǔ)高級閱讀練習題附詳解六
Your Career Path Can Lead You AnywhereWe used to be advised to plan our careers. We were told to make a plan during the later stages of our education and continue with it through our working lives.(0)_____ some people still see careers in this way. However, to pursue a single option for life has always been unrealistic.
Planning for a single career assumes that we set out with a full understanding of our likes and dislikes and the employment opportunities open to us. (9)____ For most people this degree of certainty about the future does not exist.
Our initial choice of career path and employer is often based on inadequate knowledge and false perceptions. But with age and experience, we develop new interests and aptitudes and our priorities alter. The structure of the employment market and, indeed of employment itself, is subject to change as both new technologies and new work systems are introduced (10) _____ We must face the uncertainties of a portfolio career.
It is clear from the recent past that we cannot foresee the changes which will affect our working lives. The pace of change is accelerating , as a result of which traditional career plans will be of very limited use. (11)_____ They will need updating to reflect changes in our own interests as well as in the external work environment. Flexible workers already account for about half the workforce. (12)______ We are likely to face periods as contract workers, self-employed freelances, consultants, temps or part-timers.
Many employers encourage staff to write a personal development development (PDP) (13) Although some people use it only to review the skills needed for their job, a PDP could be the nucleus of wider career plan –setting out alternative long-term learning needs and a plan of self-development.
A report issued by the Institute of Employment Studies advises people to enhance their employability by moving from traditional technical skills towards the attainment of a range of transferable skills. (14) Instead, special schemes should be established to encourage people to examine their effectiveness and to consider a wider range of needs.
A This dual effect means that the relationship between employers and workers has evolved to such and extent that we can no longer expect a long-term relationship with one employer.
B. It carries an implicit assumption that we ourselves, and the jobs we enter, will change little during our working lives.
C. This growth suggests that a career plan should not be expressed only in terms of full-time employment but should make provision for the possibility of becoming one of the.
D this is a summary of one’s personal learning needs and an action plan to meet them.
E Consequently, they must now accommodate a number of objectives and enable us to prepare for each on a contingency basis.
F However, it warns that employers often identify training needs through formal appraisals, which take too narrow a view of development.
G Such a freelance of consultant would be constantly in demand.
H We were expected to work towards that one clear goal and to consider a career change as a bad thing.
這篇文章是關(guān)于career-planning services的，職業(yè)生涯的規劃問(wèn)題。文章沒(méi)有說(shuō)一些假、大、空的話(huà)，句句都很實(shí)在，認為人不可能一開(kāi)始就認清自己的職業(yè)方向，不可能一開(kāi)始就清楚自己喜歡什么適合什么，一切都有一個(gè)過(guò)程。這些對我們都是啟示。
文章第一段開(kāi)頭先說(shuō)了傳統的規劃職業(yè)生涯的建議。最后一句很重要，揭示了下文的方向：However, to pursue a single option for life has always been unrealistic。這一句直接和第二段的空的內容掛鉤。一生只追求一個(gè)選擇是不現實(shí)的。第九空的后面說(shuō)For most people this degree of certainty about the future does not exist.。這里的this degree of certainty是指代的前面的內容，意思很明白，說(shuō)的是職業(yè)方向不會(huì )變化。選項中內容符合這一點(diǎn)的是B：the jobs we enter, will change little during our working lives.
第十題。這一段講隨著(zhù)技術(shù)的變化和新的工作系統的引進(jìn)，就業(yè)市場(chǎng)的結構也會(huì )跟著(zhù)變化。我們必須面對職業(yè)生涯的不確定性。很明顯，第十空的內容說(shuō)的是變化，關(guān)于employment的，滿(mǎn)足這一個(gè)條件的選項是A：雇主和員工之間的關(guān)系發(fā)生了演變，我們已經(jīng)不能指望與一個(gè)雇主保持長(cháng)久的關(guān)系了。
第十一題，這一段是承接上文講的變化。Change是重點(diǎn)，怎么樣適應change。這一空的前面說(shuō)傳統的職業(yè)計劃的用處已經(jīng)非常有限（traditional career plans will be of very limited use），這一空的后面講的是具體的適應變化的方法，用的動(dòng)詞非常明顯，updating。所以從邏輯上看，這里填入一個(gè)承上啟下的表示要變化的句子是最合適的。選E，accommodate a number of objectives，適應一些目標。
第十二題，前面說(shuō)flexible workers已經(jīng)占據了勞動(dòng)力的一半。后面說(shuō)我們已經(jīng)進(jìn)入了一個(gè)勞動(dòng)力市場(chǎng)成分多樣化的時(shí)期�？崭裉钊氲膬热輵撌呛蛣趧�(dòng)力市場(chǎng)的這種轉變有關(guān)。選C。C選項this growth指的是前面說(shuō)的flexible workers所占比重增加，a full time employment和flexible workers是對應的。
第十三題，這題很明顯，鼓勵員工寫(xiě)個(gè)人發(fā)展計劃（PDP）,后面就是介紹這個(gè)計劃是什么。D選項，非常明顯的答案。
第十四題，這一空前面說(shuō)建議人們通過(guò)從傳統的技能轉向可轉變的技能來(lái)增強自己的受雇就業(yè)能力（employability）�？崭窈竺娴膇nstead很關(guān)鍵，常常說(shuō)明前面的意思發(fā)生了轉折。這一空的后面說(shuō)consider a wider range of needs，考慮一個(gè)更廣泛的需求。一個(gè)instead，一個(gè)a wider range of needs，正好可以和F選項里的However和too narrow相對應上。 18 Concordia’s communication process mainly relies on
A printed communication
B departmental heads
C personal communication
D a separate, specialized unit
19 According to the writer, what is the guiding principle about giving information within an organization?
A Never make promises about future developments
B Give people an overall view at the earliest possible stage
C always include plenty of hard information
D Hold back until all the details can be provided
20 which of the following would be the most suitable title for the article?
A employee attitudes to company communication
B making company communication more effective
C Researching company commmucation
D Making employees feel less powerless
文章取材自一本管理手冊，說(shuō)的是一個(gè)組織里的有效溝通問(wèn)題。這套題目有些特別，不像之前的閱讀的第三部分，六道題目分別依次對應文章的六個(gè)段落，這題的答案稍微分散了些。
15題，答案很明顯，但是選項很有迷惑性。答案是第二段的最后一句：In the last eight years, Concordia has reduced its workforce by more than 80.000 people?- or 35% -on a voluntary basis, with further downsizing anticipated.減少了80000員工（或者說(shuō)減少了35%的員工），預期還會(huì )減少更多。A選項是對的，made redundant是前面某套題目閱讀的第五部分考過(guò)的詞組；B不對，沒(méi)有完成（completed），因為預期還會(huì )裁減更多（with further downsizing anticipated）；C也不對，迷惑性最大，reduced its workforce of 80.000，用了介詞of，所以這句的意思是一共就80000員工，而實(shí)際情況是減少了80000員工；D不對，35%的員工被裁減，都是在自愿的基礎上的，而不是離開(kāi)的人中有35%是自愿的。
16題，問(wèn)根據此人的觀(guān)點(diǎn)，溝通的角色是什么。也就是問(wèn)溝通的目的或者作用是什么。答案在第三段。溝通是為了幫助人樹(shù)立自信，說(shuō)服他們雖然要面臨一些變化，但是同樣也會(huì )擁有一些新的機會(huì )。說(shuō)白了，就是鼓勵這些被裁的人。答案選C，強調變化的積極方面。這里的positive aspects是對前面說(shuō)的bring with them new opportunities的一個(gè)概括。（想起了電影《在云端》，up in the air，里面那個(gè)老男人的工作就是職業(yè)裁員專(zhuān)家，專(zhuān)門(mén)對被裁的人說(shuō)些這樣的話(huà)。）
17題，問(wèn)調查顯示大多數人對change的反應是什么。這題在答案中也很明顯，但是選項很糾結。都有點(diǎn)似是而非。The second category, usually the majority, may respond to threatened changes with a feeling of having been let down.,and even feel anger at the company for what they see as changing the terms of their employment.大多數員工的.反應就是很失望，甚至會(huì )很憤怒。個(gè)人覺(jué)得這題出的不夠嚴謹，沒(méi)有哪個(gè)選項能?chē)栏駨脑闹刑釤挸鰜?lái)。對比下D要好點(diǎn)，因為對公司失望和憤怒，就是覺(jué)得受到了不公正的待遇。此題有待高手補充更完美的理由。
18題，問(wèn)溝通過(guò)程主要依賴(lài)于什么。答案是第五段的這句：people prefer to get their information face-to-face from their line managers。喜歡面對面的從直屬經(jīng)理那里獲取信息。所以選C，個(gè)人的交流。
19題，問(wèn)組織內部提供信息的指導準則是什么。最后一段的第一句就是：The general rule in company communication is to tell employees as much as you can as soon as you can。盡可能的快，盡可能的多。不能提供細節的，至少給個(gè)大致的背景消息（put the news in context）。時(shí)機成熟了，再告知更多。選B：在可能的最早的階段讓人有個(gè)總體的印象。
20題，給文章選標題。這種題在BEC的閱讀里還真不多見(jiàn)。選標題，就是要挑選文章的最主要意思，從整體上把握文章的main ideas。這篇文章通篇說(shuō)的就是communication，前面介紹了溝通的背景：裁員；接著(zhù)說(shuō)了員工對裁員的反應；然后最后兩段，一段說(shuō)員工喜歡什么樣的溝通方式，一段說(shuō)溝通的原則是什么。綜合起來(lái)，就是關(guān)于怎樣進(jìn)行有效溝通的問(wèn)題。選B。A不對，片面了，只是文中某部分的內容，并且這部分內容是為后面做背景介紹，不是主要的；C不對，不是簡(jiǎn)單的research，research僅僅是介紹狀況，文章還有關(guān)于實(shí)現措施的。
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