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2017托福突破閱讀長(cháng)難句的辦法
導語(yǔ):在做托福閱讀文章時(shí),經(jīng)常會(huì )遇見(jiàn)這樣一些句子,它們不僅包含的單詞多,而且結構復雜,層層嵌套。有時(shí)即使單詞都認識,但也不能準確把握其中意思。這種句子我們統統稱(chēng)為長(cháng)難句。下面這篇文章將介紹一些長(cháng)難句的特點(diǎn)和解析的方法。
1. 定義:如果句子只包含一個(gè)主謂結構,句子各個(gè)成分都只由單詞或短語(yǔ)表示。
2. 分析方法:對于難度較大的簡(jiǎn)單句,閱讀的基本方法是確定句子的主、謂、賓,找出句子的主干,忽略其他的成分,將長(cháng)句變成短句,將句型結構復雜的句子變成句型結構簡(jiǎn)單的句子。
3. 復雜的簡(jiǎn)單句解析:
(1)不定式及不定式短語(yǔ)做主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)
例1.To hold people accountable for their actions is important.
中文譯文:督促人們?yōu)樽约旱男袨樨撠熓鞘种匾摹?/p>
結構分析:不定式短語(yǔ)to hold people accountable for their action 做主語(yǔ)。
(2)動(dòng)名詞及動(dòng)名詞短語(yǔ)做主語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)
例2. It involves probing for deeply rooted concerns, devising creative so lutions,and making trade-offs and compromises where interests are opposed.
中文譯文:它涉及到探究深層次的關(guān)注,想出有創(chuàng )造性的解決方案,以及當利益矛盾時(shí),做出交易和妥協(xié)。
結構分析:這是一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單句。主語(yǔ)是it,謂語(yǔ)是involves,三個(gè)動(dòng)名詞短語(yǔ)做賓語(yǔ)(屬于平行結構)。在閱讀中經(jīng)常出現“a and b”或“a or b”的形式,其中a 與b 同義或近義,所以只要認識其中一個(gè)詞就能猜測出另一個(gè)詞的大致意思。例如:trade-off and compromises。
(3)后置定語(yǔ)
例3. The most common procedure for doing this is negotiation,the act of communication intended to reach agreement.
中文譯文:做這件事最常用的方法是談判,一種想要達成一致的交流的行為。
結構分析:The most common procedure for doing this 是主語(yǔ)從句;過(guò)去分詞短語(yǔ)intended to reach agreement 是the act of communication 的后置定語(yǔ),the act of communication intended to reach agreement 是negotiation的同位語(yǔ),對negotiation 進(jìn)行解釋。
長(cháng)難句賞析
1. As my own studies have advanced,I have been increasingly impressed with the functional similarities between insect and vertebrate societies and less so with the structural differences that seem,at first glance,to constitute such an immense gulf between them.
隨著(zhù)我的研究不斷深入,我對昆蟲(chóng)和脊椎動(dòng)物群落之間的功能類(lèi)似性印象愈來(lái)愈深刻,而對結構上的差異印象愈發(fā)淡漠,雖然這些結構上的差異初看上去似乎構成了二者間一條無(wú)法愈越的鴻溝。
2. Although fiction assuredly springs from political circumstances,its authors react to those circumstances in ways other than ideological,and talking about novels and stories primarily as instruments of ideology circumvents much of the fictional enterprise.
雖然小說(shuō)無(wú)疑起源于政治情狀,但其作者則是以非意識形態(tài)的方式對這些政治情狀作出反應的,而將小說(shuō)和故事主要地當作意識形態(tài)的工具來(lái)探討,會(huì )在相當程度上阻礙小說(shuō)事業(yè)。
3. Is this a defect,or are the authors working out of,or trying to forge,a different kind of aesthetic?
這究竟是一種缺陷呢,還是這些作者想要按照一種與眾不同的美學(xué)體系進(jìn)行創(chuàng )作,抑或是在試圖創(chuàng )立一種與眾不同的美學(xué)體系?
4. In addition, the style of some Black novels, like Jean Toomer's Cane, verges on expressionism or surrealism ; does this technique provide a counterpoint to the prevalent theme that portrays the fate against which Black heroes are pitted , a theme usually conveyed by more naturalistic modes of expression ?
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