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2016年大學(xué)英語(yǔ)六級基礎語(yǔ)法知識：獨立主格結構
英語(yǔ)四六級考試中，單獨考察語(yǔ)法的題型不多，但是語(yǔ)法知識點(diǎn)卻貫穿整張試卷，小伙伴們，趁著(zhù)寒假，趕緊來(lái)打好基礎吧!下面是為大家整理的“大學(xué)英語(yǔ)六級基礎語(yǔ)法知識”供備考使用。
獨立主格結構
獨立主格結構由名詞或代詞加上其他成分(分詞、不定式、名詞、代詞、形容詞、副詞或介詞短語(yǔ))構成。
獨立主格結構沒(méi)有主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)，所以在語(yǔ)法上不是句子。但多有名詞或代詞表示的邏輯主語(yǔ)，分詞或不定式表示的邏輯謂語(yǔ)，有時(shí)還有其他修飾成分。(判斷一個(gè)結構是否是句子的標準就是看看這個(gè)結構是否有謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。)這種結構通常在句子中起方式、時(shí)間、原因、條件等狀語(yǔ)或狀語(yǔ)從句的作用，主要用于書(shū)面語(yǔ)。使用動(dòng)詞非謂語(yǔ)形式的獨立主格結構可以改為句子形式(從句):獨立主格結構加上連詞，非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞改為謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞形式，這樣就成為從句了。 例如:
Today being Sunday, the library isn\' t open.今天星期天，圖書(shū)館不開(kāi)放。 (原因)改為從句:
As (Since) today is Sunday, the library isn\' t open. 例如:
There being no buses，we had to take a taxi. 沒(méi)有汽車(chē)了，我們只好坐出租車(chē)了。 Because there were no buses, we had to take a taxi.
The signal given，the bus started.信號發(fā)出后，公共汽車(chē)就啟動(dòng)了。 (時(shí)間)改為從句:
After the signal was given, the bus started.
The boy followed that man here，and climbed in，sword in hand.少年跟那個(gè)人到這里，并爬了進(jìn)來(lái)，手里拿著(zhù)劍。
The boy followed that man here，and climbed in，and had a sword in his hand. The mid-term examination is over, the end-of-term examination to come two months later.期中考試結束了，兩個(gè)月之后進(jìn)行期末考試.
The mid-term examination is over, and the end-of-term examination is to come two months later.
Weather permitting, we\' 11 visit the Great Wall.如果天氣允許的話(huà)，我們就去參觀(guān)長(cháng)城。
If weather permits, we\' 11 visit the Great Wall.
The boy followed that man here, and climbed in, sword in hand.少年跟那個(gè)人到這里，并爬了進(jìn)來(lái)，手里拿著(zhù)劍。(伴隨狀語(yǔ))
上文例句中sword in hand是由“名詞+介詞短語(yǔ)”構成，表示伴隨的情況。這種表示伴隨情的獨立主格結構，有時(shí)可以用with
引出，二者的意思是一樣的，with結構更加口語(yǔ)話(huà)，更加常用。
She left the office with tears in her eyes.她眼里含著(zhù)淚水，離開(kāi)了辦公室。
The teacher walked into the classroom, with a ruler under his arm and some books in his hand.老師胳膊底下挾著(zhù)一把尺子，手里拿著(zhù)幾本書(shū)，走進(jìn)了教室。
The teacher walked into the classroom. He was holding a ruler under his arm and some books in his hand.
Tian\' anmen Square looks magnificent with all the lights on.華燈齊放，******廣場(chǎng)顯得美麗動(dòng)人。
With the boy leading the way, we found his house with no difficulty.由這孩子領(lǐng)路，我們毫不費勁地找到他的家。
With him to give us a lead, our team is bound to turn out well.有他給我們帶頭，我們對一定能搞好。
1、指出下列句子中的獨立主格結構:
1) My work having been finished, I went home. ---My work having been finished
2)The woman sat smiling, surrounded by her flowers, a faraway look in her eyes. ---A faraway look in her eyes
3) My watch having been lost, I didn\' t know what time it was. ---My watch having been lost
4) He came into the room, his face red with cold. --- his face red with cold
5) There an elderly patient was sitting in her wheelchair alone, head bowed, her back to most of the others.
--- Head bowed. her back to mast of the others
6) A man came in, his face hidden by an upturned coat collar and a cap pulled law over his brow.
--- His face hidden by an upturned…….
2、 用獨立主格結構改正下列句子: 1) Being cold, he put on his overcoat. ---It being cold, …
2) Being no bus, we had to walk home. --- There being no bus, ...
3) Getting colder, same birds are flying away to the south. --- It getting colder, ...
4) Being ill, Mr. Li taught the lesson in place of Mr. Wang. --- Mr. Wang being ill, Mr. Li taught..
5) Asia is the largest continent, being about 43 million square kilometer. ---…，its size (area) being about 43….
3、 用獨立主格結構將括號內的漢語(yǔ)譯成英語(yǔ)填空:
1)Bing Bing entered the room, _____ (手里拿著(zhù)一個(gè)大蘋(píng)果).
---- (with) a big apple in his hand.
2) _____(下課了)，the children ran out of the class room. ---The class being over
3) The little girl waited at the bus stop for a long time, _____(鼻子凍得通紅). ---her nose red with cold
4) Here comes the Shanghai train, _____ (從福州來(lái)的火車(chē)) ---the Fuzhou train to come half an hour later.
5) He was doing his homework._____ (他的父親坐在旁邊)
6) ____(誰(shuí)也沒(méi)有什么可說(shuō)的), the meeting was closed. -----Nobody having any more to say.
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