萬(wàn)圣節簡(jiǎn)短介紹英文
萬(wàn)圣節為每年的11月1日,10月31日被稱(chēng)為萬(wàn)圣節前夕,是西方傳統節日。下面就由小編來(lái)給大家簡(jiǎn)單的介紹一下萬(wàn)圣節吧!
【Halloween】
Hallowe’en is a popular festival in many countries all over the world, and every year it seems to get bigger.
It’s getting dark earlier and it’s starting to get cold. Christmas is stilla long way away. We need something to cheer us up and take our minds of the fact that winter is nearly here. See how much you know about the traditional festival of Hallowe’en.
【The origins of the name】
The festival of Hallowe’en has its roots in Celtic and Roman traditions. Over 2,000 years ago the Celts in Britain, Ireland and parts of France celebrated Samhain to mark the beginning of winter. When the Romans invaded, they merged this with Feralia, their celebration of the passing of the dead. As Christianity spread, the Church tried to replace these pagan feasts with official Church holy days. One of these was November 1. It was called “All Hallows”, and October 31 was known as“All Hallows’ Eve”, and then Hallowe’en.
【Hallowe’en traditions】
In the past there was a tradition called “souling”. Poor people went around houses asking for food. In exchange, they promised to say prayers for the dead. People no longer go souling, but the habit has beentransformed into a modern Hallowe’en game for children in America,who dress up as ghosts, witches and monsters and go around people’shouses.
【W(wǎng)itches】
Hallowe’en wouldn’t be fun without witches. Witches have alwaysbeen part of popular folklore. Shakespeare’s play “Macbeth” opens withthree witches. A witchwas someone — usually a woman— who hadspecial powers and had dealings with the devil. The American town,Salem, is famous for the “witchcraft trials”, which took place there in1692.
【Pumpkins】
The pumpkin has become a symbol of Hallowe’en.People empty a pumpkin, cut a face into the side, and puta candle inside to make a lamp. It’s known as a Jack O’ Lantern, from a story about a man called Jack, who made a deal with the devil.
【Animals】
Black cats, frogs, mice and spiders are just some of the animals associated with Hallowe’en. Generally, the more unpleasant the animal,the stronger the Hallowe’en connection. Nocturnal animals like bats are particular favourites, and if, as is the case with vampire bats, they like drinking blood, they are highon the Hallowe’en list.
【萬(wàn)圣節介紹】
一、萬(wàn)圣節的由來(lái):
關(guān)于萬(wàn)圣節由來(lái)的,傳說(shuō)最多的版本認為,那是源于基督誕生前的古西歐國家,主要包括愛(ài)爾蘭、蘇格蘭和威爾士。這幾處的古西歐人叫德魯伊特人。德魯伊特的新年在十一月一日,新年前夜,德魯伊特人讓年輕人集隊,戴著(zhù)各種怪異面具,拎著(zhù)刻好的蘿卜燈(南瓜燈系后期習俗,古西歐最早沒(méi)有南瓜),他們游走于村落間。這在當時(shí)實(shí)則為一種秋收的慶典;也有說(shuō)是“鬼節”,傳說(shuō)當年死去的人,靈魂會(huì )在萬(wàn)圣節的前夜造訪(fǎng)人世,據說(shuō)人們應該讓造訪(fǎng)的鬼魂看到圓滿(mǎn)的收成并對鬼魂呈現出豐盛的款待。所有篝火及燈火,一來(lái)為了嚇走鬼魂,同時(shí)也為鬼魂照亮路線(xiàn),引導其回歸。 在中世紀的中歐,曾有過(guò)基督教摧毀異教徒的歷史?墒切履暌骨暗募漓霊c典從未真正消除,不過(guò)以巫術(shù)的形式出現。這也就是為什么我們現在的萬(wàn)圣節里,還留有巫婆的掃帚、黑貓、咒語(yǔ)等痕跡。
二、Halloween一詞的產(chǎn)生:
很多民族都在萬(wàn)圣節前夜有慶典聚會(huì ),這又被叫做“All Hallow E'en”、“The Eve of All Hallows”、“Hallow e'en”,或者“The eve of All Saintas'Day”。最終約定俗成演變成了“Halloween”,中文意譯成了萬(wàn)圣節之夜。
三、“Trick or treat”的傳說(shuō):
孩子們今天著(zhù)裝挨家要糖的習俗,據說(shuō)起源于愛(ài)爾蘭。古西歐時(shí)候的愛(ài)爾蘭異教徒們,相信在萬(wàn)圣節前夜鬼魂會(huì )群集于居家附近,并接受設宴款待。因而,在“宴會(huì )”結束后,村民們就自己扮成鬼魂精靈,游走村外,引導鬼魂離開(kāi),避邪免災。于此同時(shí),村民們也都注意在屋前院后的擺布些水果及其他食品,喂足鬼魂而不至于讓它們傷害人類(lèi)和動(dòng)物或者掠奪其他收成。后來(lái)這習俗一直延續下來(lái),就成了孩子們取笑不慷慨之家的玩笑。至于南瓜燈也至少有兩種說(shuō)法。一種說(shuō)是人挖空了南瓜又刻上鬼臉點(diǎn)上燭火用以驅散鬼的;另一種說(shuō)是鬼魂點(diǎn)上的燭火,試圖騙取人們上當而跟著(zhù)鬼魂走,所以人們就在南瓜表面刻上一個(gè)嘲諷的臉面,用以調笑鬼魂:哼!傻瓜才會(huì )上你的當。傳說(shuō)因為首用南瓜的是一位愛(ài)爾蘭人Jack,所以人們又將鬼臉南瓜燈叫做Jack-O-Lantern。
四、現在的萬(wàn)圣節
萬(wàn)圣節流傳到今天已經(jīng)完全沒(méi)有了宗教迷信色彩,它成了一個(gè)孩子們的節目,也是年輕人化裝舞會(huì )的節目。
社會(huì )對節日的活動(dòng)也一直做著(zhù)正面的引導:要求大人教育孩子們不做恐嚇性的惡作劇,也要求大人帶孩子一起出門(mén)(一般是大人架車(chē)停在路邊,小孩去敲門(mén)討糖)。大人應該要求孩子只許去門(mén)口有節日布置的并點(diǎn)了燈的人家,否則不去打擾。另外討糖過(guò)程的始終必須站在大門(mén)口等待,不許進(jìn)屋,討回的糖也要交大人檢查后才許吃。對接待孩子的人家也要求不給自家制作的食品也不給未包裝的食品。
公共場(chǎng)合以及居家周?chē)?節日布置都是自愿的。鬼臉南瓜燈、白網(wǎng)黑蜘蛛等,都是節日的裝點(diǎn),已全然沒(méi)有駭人之鬼魅色彩。有的女學(xué)生還端端在這時(shí)候會(huì )買(mǎi)一對南瓜或者鬼骷髏的耳環(huán)來(lái)佩帶。如果有哪家的布置做得過(guò)分恐怖了,會(huì )遭到有關(guān)方面的制止,媒體也會(huì )令其暴光,讓公眾指責。
萬(wàn)圣節的服裝,也是萬(wàn)人萬(wàn)相,不是單調的大鬼小鬼了。有許多渠道教授人們如何制作萬(wàn)圣節服裝。比如說(shuō)制作最簡(jiǎn)單的鬼服就用一張白床單頂在頭上,別忘了扣兩個(gè)洞留出眼睛就是;若是要扮演魔術(shù)師,就穿上黑衣黑褲,再戴上黑禮帽,并在禮帽與頭頂之間藏一只絨毛小兔備用;還教大人如何把孩子打扮成小天使,白衣白褲,再從背后怎么綁一個(gè)手電筒在頭上;也有教如何把孩子打扮成他們喜歡的卡通形象的。當然服裝、道具業(yè)的商人們,就更有文章可做了。
學(xué)校在萬(wàn)圣節是不放假的。有時(shí)學(xué)校出面組織晚會(huì ),有時(shí)不甘寂寞的學(xué)生們也會(huì )自己主辦小型晚會(huì );而朋友、家人間互寄賀卡祝萬(wàn)圣節快樂(lè )則成為每年十月間流行的習俗。如今網(wǎng)際網(wǎng)路的發(fā)達使得送萬(wàn)圣卡更為方便經(jīng)濟,有的網(wǎng)站還別出心裁地設計了各種具有聲響動(dòng)畫(huà)效果的萬(wàn)圣卡 總之,萬(wàn)圣節已成為西方人一個(gè)很普通的季節性節日。有很多人將此看作秋的結束以及冬的到來(lái)。萬(wàn)圣節一過(guò),人們就開(kāi)始期盼感恩節、圣誕節乃至新年了。
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