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考研英語(yǔ)閱讀理解文章翻譯

時(shí)間:2024-07-15 02:57:24 英語(yǔ)閱讀 我要投稿
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考研英語(yǔ)閱讀理解文章翻譯

  想要把考研英語(yǔ)考好,不在考場(chǎng)上心理崩潰,只有詳細研究真題和精讀外刊,否則絕大部分考生對文章的理解注定是只言片語(yǔ)和模糊不清的,而考研英語(yǔ)強調的是精細、精確地理解。下面是小編整理的2015考研英語(yǔ)閱讀理解真題及文章翻譯,一起來(lái)練習一下吧!

考研英語(yǔ)閱讀理解文章翻譯

  Not long after the telephone was invented, I assume, a call was placed. The caller was a parent saying, “your child is bullying my child, and I want it stopped!” The bully's parent replied, “you must have the wrong number. My child is a little angel.”

  A trillion phone calls later, the conversation is the same. When children are teased or tyrannized, the parental impulse is to grab the phone and rant. But these days, as studies in the U.S. show bullying on the rise and parental supervision on the decline, researchers who study bullying say that calling moms and dads is more futile than ever. Such calls often lead to playground recriminations and don't really teach our kids any lessons about how to navigate the world and resolve conflicts.

  When you call parents, you want them to “extract the cruelty” from their bullying children, says Laura Kavesh, a child psychologist in Evanston, Illinois. “But many parents are blown away by the idea of their child being cruel. They won?t believe it.” In a recent police?department survey in Oak Harbor, Washington, 89% of local high school students said they had engaged in bullying behavior. Yet only 18% of parents thought their children would act as bullies.

  In a new U.S.PTA survey, 5% of parents support contacting other parents to deal with bullying. But many educators warn that those conversations can be misinterpreted, causing tempers to flare. Instead, they say, parents should get objective outsiders, like principals, to mediate.

  Meanwhile, if you get a call from a parent who is angry about your child's bullying, listen without getting defensive. That's what Laura McHugh of Castro Valley, California, did when a caller told her that her then 13-year-old son had spit in another boy's food.Her son had confessed, but the victim's mom “wanted to make sure my son hadn't given her son a nasty disease,” says McHugh, who apologized and promised to get her son tested for AIDS and other diseases. She knew the chance of contracting any disease this way was remote, but her promise calmed the mother and showed McHugh's son that his bad behaviour was being taken seriously. McHugh, founder of Parents Coach Kids, a group that teaches parenting skills, sent the mom the test results. All were negative.

  Remember: once you make a call, you might not like what you hear. If you have an itchy dialing finger, resist temptation. Put it in your pocket. [419 words]

  1.The word “bullying” probably means______.

  [A] frightening and hurting [B] teasing

  [C] behaving like a tyrant [D] laughing at

  2. Calling to a bully's parent.______.

  [A]has long existed but changed its content [B]is often done with careful thinking

  [C]often leads to blaming and misunderstanding [D]is used to warn the child not to do it again

  3. According to the surveys in the U.S., _______.

  [A] bullying among adults is also rising

  [B] parents are not supervising their children well

  [C] parents seldom believe bullies

  [D] most parents resort to calling to deal with bullying

  4. When bullying occurs, parents should_______.

  [A] help the bulling child get rid of cruelty [B] resort to the mediator

  [C] avoid getting too protective [D] resist the temptation of calling

  5.Laura McHugh promised to get the bullied boy tested for diseases because________.

  [A] her son confessed to being wrong [B] she was afraid to annoy the boy's parent

  [C]he was likely to be affected by these diseases[D]she wanted to teach her own son a lesson

  >>>>>>答案解析<<<<<<

  核心詞匯

  blow away *① to completely surprise sb., to affect intensely; overwhelm使大為驚訝;強烈影響,征服 例:That concert blew me away.音樂(lè )會(huì )震撼了我。 ② to defeat sb. completely, esp. in a game (尤指在比賽中)徹底戰勝 例:Nancy blew away the rest of the skaters.南希戰勝了其他的滑冰運動(dòng)員。

  bully n. [C] 恃強凌弱者;流氓,暴徒

  vt. ① to threaten to hurt or frighten sb. weaker 欺侮例:He was bullied by the older boys at school. 他在學(xué)校里受到大孩子的欺負。 ② to use your strength or power to make sb. do sht. 恐嚇, 脅迫 例: The manager tried to bully his men into working harder by threatening them with dismissal. 經(jīng)理企圖以解雇相威脅, 迫使職工更賣(mài)力氣。

  Contract n..[C] 契約;合同

  vi. to become smaller or narrower縮小;收縮 例:Metal contracts as it becomes cool. 金屬冷卻時(shí)收縮。

  *vt. to begin to have an illness患(病) 例:He contracted pneumonia.他得了肺炎。

  flare vi. (也作flare up)① to suddenly begin to burn, or to burn more brightly for a short time 突然燃燒起來(lái);(短暫地)燒旺 例:The match flared in the darkness.火柴在黑暗中突然著(zhù)了一小會(huì )兒。 *②(感情等)突然爆發(fā) 例:Violence has flared up again in the Middle East. 中東又突然爆發(fā)了暴力事件。 ③(疾病)突然加劇 例:My asthma tends to flare up on smoggy days. 在煙霧天我的氣喘往往會(huì )加劇。

  n. [C] ① 閃光,瞬時(shí)的明亮火焰 ② 信號燈(彈)

  resolve vt. * ① to find a satisfactory way of dealing with a problem or difficulty解決 例:There weren?t enough beds, but the matter was resolved by George sleeping on the sofa.床不夠用,但喬治睡到沙發(fā)上問(wèn)題就解決了。 ② to make a definite decision to do sth.(某人)決心,決定 例:After the divorce she resolved never to marry again.離婚以后,她下決心永不再嫁。 ③(委員會(huì )、會(huì )議等通過(guò)投票)作出決議,表決 例:The Senate resolved to accept the President's budget proposals by 70 votes to 30.參議院以70票對30票通過(guò)決議,同意總統的預算草案。

  vi. 下決心,決定 例:He resolved on/against (making) an early start. 他決定(不)早出發(fā).

  超綱詞匯

  itchy a. 使人發(fā)癢的

  mediate *v. 斡旋,調停 a. 居中的,間接的

  rant n./v. 怒吼,咆哮,大聲抱怨

  recrimination n. *① 反詰,互相指責 ② 反控告

  tyrannize vt. ① 對……施行暴政 *②專(zhuān)橫地對待

  長(cháng)難句分析

  1.That's what Laura McHugh of Castro Valley, California, did when a caller told her that her then 13 year-old son had spit in another boy's food.

  該句主干是That's what...。在what引導的表語(yǔ)從句中,其主干成分為L(cháng)aura McHugh did,of Castro Valley, California是一個(gè)介詞短語(yǔ),做后置定語(yǔ),修飾主語(yǔ)Laura McHugh; when引導的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句修飾謂語(yǔ)did。

  2.She knew the chance of contracting any disease this way was remote, but her promise calmed the mother and showed McHugh?s son that his bad behavior was being taken seriously.

  該句是由but引導的并列句。前一分句的主干是She knew (that)...,賓語(yǔ)從句中的主干為the chance was remote,介詞短語(yǔ)of... this way做后置定語(yǔ)修飾主語(yǔ)chance;后一句的主句是her promise calmed the mother and showed McHugh?s son that...,that引導的賓語(yǔ)從句做動(dòng)詞show的賓語(yǔ),構成show sb. sth.的結構,sb.為間接賓語(yǔ),sth.為直接賓語(yǔ),這里的直接賓語(yǔ)為that從句。

  語(yǔ)篇分析

  本文題材涉及兒童教育,作者試圖教導家長(cháng)如何正確處理孩子被欺負這一問(wèn)題。它是一篇現象解釋型文章,按照“指出現象—解釋現象—提出解決方案”的脈絡(luò )展開(kāi)論述,可以分成三大部分。

  第一段為第一部分,指出現象:受欺負的孩子的家長(cháng)打電話(huà)投訴,希望對方家長(cháng)能管教好自己的孩子,但對方家長(cháng)不以為然。句子You must have the wrong number. My child is a little angel體現了欺負人的孩子的家長(cháng)對此問(wèn)題的態(tài)度。

  [b第二、三段為第二部分,解釋現象:打電話(huà)投訴的方式對解決孩子之間的沖突起不了作用。

  第二段:引用了兩類(lèi)研究結果。一類(lèi)研究結果表明:仗勢欺人現象在增多而家長(cháng)管教卻在減少(bullying on the rise and parental supervision on the decline)。另一類(lèi)研究結果表明:①家長(cháng)的投訴電話(huà)毫無(wú)用處(more futile than ever);②這種電話(huà)常導致相互指責(lead to recriminations);③達不到教育孩子的目的(not teach our kids any lessons)。

  第三段:引用心理學(xué)家Laura Kavesh的觀(guān)點(diǎn)指出,一方面,受欺負的孩子的家長(cháng)打電話(huà)的目的是希望對方家長(cháng)幫助其孩子改掉壞毛病(extract the cruelty);另一方面,接到電話(huà)的家長(cháng)卻很少相信(blow away)自己的孩子會(huì )欺負別人。作者進(jìn)而用警察局調查結果的數據(89% students engaged in bullying,18% parents thought children bully)支持Laura的觀(guān)點(diǎn)。

  第四、五、六段為第三部分,解決問(wèn)題:建議家長(cháng)雙方正確對待這一問(wèn)題。

  第四段:提出了第一種解決方法,即希望通過(guò)客觀(guān)的局外人(objective outsider)來(lái)調解(mediate),而不是當事人雙方直接聯(lián)系。

  第五段:提出了第二種解決方法,即家長(cháng)學(xué)會(huì )耐心傾聽(tīng)(listen without getting defensive)。列舉了“父母教導孩子組織”的創(chuàng )始人Laura McHugh處理問(wèn)題的實(shí)例進(jìn)而教育家長(cháng)該怎么做:①認真傾聽(tīng);②積極處理;③通過(guò)嚴肅處理事情借以教育孩子,這與第二段末句中“don?t really teach our kids any lessons”對應起來(lái)了。

  第六段:呼應開(kāi)始部分,用警句的形式,告誡家長(cháng)不要采取打電話(huà)投訴這種解決方式。

  試題命制分析

  通過(guò)對文章的整體分析,我們可以從以下幾個(gè)方面命題,考查考生的閱讀理解能力。

  1. 事實(shí)細節題

  (1) 可以考查“打電話(huà)投訴”這種行為的結果,參見(jiàn)試題2。

  (2) 在文中,作者列舉了兩類(lèi)研究結果(第二段)、兩個(gè)專(zhuān)家的觀(guān)點(diǎn)(第三段和第五段)以及兩個(gè)調查結果(第三段和第四段),可以綜合考查,參見(jiàn)試題3。

  (3) 針對文中提出的解決方案,可以綜合考查,參見(jiàn)考題4。此外,也可以采用判斷正誤的形式進(jìn)行考查,如:以下哪一項是錯誤的?[A] 想打電話(huà)的家長(cháng)要克制自己的行為;[B] 受欺負的孩子的家長(cháng)應該直接聯(lián)系當事人;[C] 接聽(tīng)電話(huà)的家長(cháng)需要耐心傾聽(tīng);[D] 需通過(guò)客觀(guān)的局外人來(lái)調解。(答案:[B])

  (4) 可以考查L(cháng)aura McHugh的身份,如:[A] 兒童心理學(xué)家;[B] 研究父母如何教育孩子的專(zhuān)家;[C] 一個(gè)欺負人的孩子的母親;[D] 某個(gè)社區組織的創(chuàng )始人。(答案:[C])

  (5) 還可以考查最后一段中所舉實(shí)例的具體細節,參見(jiàn)試題5。

  2. 推理引申題

  (1) 針對第一段末句You must have the wrong number. My child is a little angel考查接到電話(huà)的家長(cháng)的態(tài)度。

  (2) 可以考查第二段第一句的暗含信息,即,家長(cháng)之間的投訴電話(huà)長(cháng)久以來(lái)就存在,而且其內容沒(méi)有改變。

  (3) 針對兩次調查結果的數據(89% of students and only 18% of parents;5% parents),可以推理家長(cháng)的態(tài)度。

  3. 詞義句意題

  (1) bully一詞在全文反復出現,可以就其語(yǔ)意進(jìn)行考查。參見(jiàn)試題1。

  (2) 可以考查考生根據上下文推測第二段末句中playground recrimination的具體含義。

  4. 作者寫(xiě)作目的題

  可以考查末段中引用Laura McHugh的實(shí)例的目的。

  1. 單詞bullying可能的含義是________。

  [A] 恐嚇和傷害 [B] 取笑 [C] 表現得像暴君一樣 [D] 嘲笑

  [精解] 答案A本題考查根據上下文猜測詞義。文章首段雙方家長(cháng)的對話(huà)中出現的“bullying my child”與“My child is a little angel”相互對照,說(shuō)明 bullying是壞孩子的行為。第三段中提到打電話(huà)的目的是“想讓對方改掉他們孩子的殘忍行為”,cruelty一詞說(shuō)明了bullying的特點(diǎn)。此外第五段給出了bullying的具體事例:把痰吐到另外一個(gè)孩子的飯里。因此可推知[A]項“恐嚇傷害”為正確答案。[B]項雖然出現在第二段中,[D]項與其近義,但卻都只是其中一種形式,不足以概括所有的行為。[C]項含義不正確。

  2. 打電話(huà)給恃強欺弱者的父母________。

  [A] (這種做法)長(cháng)期存在但內容有了改變 [B] 經(jīng)常是通過(guò)仔細考慮后才做

  [C] 常常導致責備和誤解 [D] 被用來(lái)警告這個(gè)孩子不要再做

  [精解] 答案C本題考查事實(shí)細節。第一段提到,打電話(huà)給恃強欺弱者的父母的做法自有電話(huà)以來(lái)就長(cháng)期存在了。第二段首句提到,這樣的電話(huà)不計其數,但談話(huà)內容卻一樣。由此排除[A]項。第二段第二句提到,沖動(dòng)的父母抓起電話(huà),大聲抱怨。排除[B]項。第二段末句提到,這樣的電話(huà)常常只導致責備;第四段第二句提到,專(zhuān)家指出它可能會(huì )被誤解,使對方勃然大怒。由此可知[C]項正確。[D]項未提。

  3. 根據美國的調查表明,______。

  [A] 成人中的恃強欺弱現象也在增加 [B] 父母沒(méi)有很好地看管他們的孩子

  [C] 父母很少相信恃強欺弱者 [D] 大部分父母打電話(huà)解決恃強欺弱問(wèn)題

  [精解] 答案B本題考查事實(shí)細節。第二段第三句提到,研究表明恃強欺弱現象增加,父母看管減少,因此[B]項正確,[A]項無(wú)從得知。第三段最后用數據說(shuō)明,父母很少相信自己的孩子會(huì )恃強欺弱。[C]項換成了不相信恃強欺弱者本身,錯誤。第四段首句提到,研究表明5%的父母支持找家長(cháng)解決恃強欺弱問(wèn)題。[D]項錯在most(大部分),與事實(shí)不符。

  4. 當恃強欺弱問(wèn)題發(fā)生時(shí),父母應該_______。

  [A] 幫助恃強欺弱的孩子改掉殘忍的行為 [B] 求助調停者的幫助

  [C] 避免變得太過(guò)自我保護 [D] 抵擋打電話(huà)的誘惑

  [精解] 答案B本題考查作者觀(guān)點(diǎn)。第三段首句提到,受欺負的孩子的家長(cháng)打電話(huà)是希望對方家長(cháng)能改正其孩子恃強欺弱的毛病?梢(jiàn),[A]項并不是作者的觀(guān)點(diǎn)。第五段首句提到,接到電話(huà)的家長(cháng)不要自我保護。第六段提到,如果你想撥電話(huà),一定要忍住誘惑。顯然[C]和[D]項是分別針對“接到電話(huà)”和“打電話(huà)”的家長(cháng)而言的。只有[B]項在第四段提到,是教育者對雙方家長(cháng)給出的建議,因此也是作者同意的觀(guān)點(diǎn)。

  5. 勞拉麥休許諾讓受到欺負的孩子做疾病測試是因為_(kāi)________。

  [A] 她兒子承認他錯了 [B] 她害怕惹怒男孩的家長(cháng)

  [C] 他可能會(huì )被這些疾病感染 [D] 她想給兒子一個(gè)教訓

  [精解] 答案D本題考查第五段的細節。該段舉例說(shuō)明應如何正確對待一位憤怒的家長(cháng)的電話(huà)。該段倒數第三句提到,麥休許諾讓受欺負的孩子做疾病測試,不僅讓其母親平靜下來(lái),也讓自己的兒子知道父母是非常嚴肅地對待他的惡劣行為。由此可知[D]項正確。

  全文翻譯

  我認為,電話(huà)發(fā)明后不久,就有人就打這樣的電話(huà)。打電話(huà)的是一位家長(cháng),他(她)說(shuō):“你的孩子在欺負我的孩子,我希望這樣的事情不要再發(fā)生!”而這位仗勢欺人的孩子的家長(cháng)卻回答到:“你一定撥錯號碼了,我的孩子是個(gè)小天使!

  自此以后,這樣的電話(huà)不計其數,但電話(huà)內容卻沒(méi)有改變。當孩子遭到取笑或被蠻橫對待時(shí),父母的本能反應都是抓起電話(huà),大聲抱怨。但是最近,當美國的研究表明以強凌弱現象在增多而父母的管教在減少時(shí),以強凌弱現象的研究者們卻發(fā)現給父母打電話(huà)毫無(wú)用處。這樣的電話(huà)常常只導致責備,并不能真正教育孩子如何在世界上生存和解決沖突。

  伊利諾斯州伊文斯頓市區的兒童心理學(xué)家勞拉卡維許說(shuō),“當你打電話(huà)給仗勢欺人的孩子的父母時(shí),你是想讓對方改正他們孩子的殘忍行為。但是許多父母對自己孩子有這樣的行為感到非常震驚,他們不愿意相信”。最近警察部門(mén)在華盛頓橡木港口進(jìn)行的調查顯示,當地89%的高中生承認有過(guò)仗勢欺人的行為。但只有18%的家長(cháng)認為他們的孩子會(huì )成為仗勢欺人者。

  在美國家長(cháng)與教師聯(lián)合會(huì )新的調查中,5%的家長(cháng)認為應當通過(guò)與其他家長(cháng)聯(lián)系來(lái)解決以強凌弱問(wèn)題。但是很多專(zhuān)家警告說(shuō)這樣的對話(huà)可能會(huì )被誤解,使對方勃然大怒。相反,他們認為家長(cháng)應該找較客觀(guān)的旁觀(guān)者如學(xué)校校長(cháng)等來(lái)進(jìn)行調解。

  同時(shí),如果接到了一位對你的孩子仗勢欺人的行為感到憤怒的家長(cháng)的電話(huà),你應該傾聽(tīng),而不是一心想自衛。當加里福尼亞卡斯楚谷市的勞拉麥休接到電話(huà),被告知她13歲的兒子朝另外一個(gè)孩子的食物中吐吐沫時(shí),她就這樣做了。她兒子已經(jīng)承認了。麥休說(shuō),“但受害者的母親想確保我兒子沒(méi)有傳染給她兒子什么嚴重的疾病”。她道歉并許諾讓這個(gè)男孩做艾滋和其他嚴重疾病的測試。她知道通過(guò)那種方式傳染疾病的幾率非常小,但她的許諾使對方母親平靜了下來(lái),并且也讓自己的兒子知道父母非常嚴肅地對待他的惡劣行為。麥休是教授父母技能的“父母教導孩子”組織的創(chuàng )始人。她將測試結果送給那位母親,所有項目都顯示陰性。

  記。阂坏┐螂娫(huà),你可能會(huì )聽(tīng)到不想聽(tīng)的話(huà)。如果你手指發(fā)癢,忍住。把手放在口袋里。

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