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2016年高考英語(yǔ)全國3卷真題解析
2016年全國卷3卷閱讀理解以考查細節題為主，大部分都能從文中找到做題的依據。下面是小編分享的全國3卷真題及答案解析，希望能對大家有所幫助!
第一部分閱讀理解(共兩節，滿(mǎn)分40分)
第一節(共15小題;每小題2分，滿(mǎn)分30分)
閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的四個(gè)選項(A、B、C和D)中，選出最佳選項，并在答題卡上將該項涂黑。
A
Music
Opera at Music Hall: 1243 Elm Street. The season runs June through August, with additional performances in March and September. The Opera honors Enjoy the Arts membership discounts. Phone: 241-2742.
Chamber Orchestra: The Orchestra plays at Memorial Hall at 1406 Elm Street, which offers several concerts from March through June. Call 723-1182 for more information.
Symphony Orchestra: At Music Hall and Riverbend. For ticket sales, call 381-3300. Regular season runs September through May at Music Hall in summer at Riverbend.
College Conservatory of Music (CCM): Performances are on the main campus(校園) of the university, usually at Patricia Cobbett Theater. CCM organizes a variety of events, including performances by the well-known LaSalle Quartet, CCM’s Philharmonic Orchestra, and various groups of musicians presenting Baroque through modern music. Students with I.D. cards can attend the events for free. A free schedule of events for each term is available by calling the box office at 556-4183.
Riverbend Music Theater: 6295 Kellogg Ave. Large outdoor theater with the closest seats under cover (price difference).Big name shows all summer long! Phone:232-6220. .
1.Which number should you call if you want to see an opera?
A. 241-2742. B. 723-1182.
C. 381-3300. D. 232-6220.
2.When can you go to a concert by Chamber Orchestra?
A. February. B. May. C. August. D. November.
3.Where can students go for free performances with their I.D. cards?
A. Music Hall. B. Memorial Hall.
C. Patricia Cobbett Theater. D. Riverbend Music Theater.
4.How is Riverbend Music Theater different from the other places?
A. It has seats in the open air.
B. It gives shows all year round.
C. It offers membership discounts.
D. It presents famous musical works.
【答案】
1.A
2.B
3.C
4.A
1.A細節理解題。根據“opera”定位到第一個(gè)活動(dòng)，第一個(gè)活動(dòng)的聯(lián)系電話(huà)是241-2742，故選A。
2.B細節理解題。根據“Chamber Orchestra”定位到第二個(gè)活動(dòng)，根據“which offers several concerts from March through June”可知，活動(dòng)舉辦時(shí)間是3-6月，故選B。
3.C細節理解題。根據“with their I.D. cards”定位到第四個(gè)活動(dòng)中的“Students with I.D. cards can attend the events for free.”，根據“usually at Patricia Cobbett Theater”可知答案，故選C。
考點(diǎn)：廣告類(lèi)短文閱讀
【名師點(diǎn)睛】
閱讀理解中細節理解題的干擾項的設置手法體現在下列幾個(gè)原則： 1.包含項原則 在答案選項分析中，假如對A選項的理解概括了對其它三項(或其中某一項)的理解，那么我們就說(shuō)選項A與其他三項是包含或概括關(guān)系，包含項A往往就是正確答案。如在“花”與“玫瑰”兩選項中，正確答案肯定是“花”，花包含了玫瑰,因為玫瑰肯定是花，但花并不一定是玫瑰。 2.正反項原則 所謂正反項，是指兩選項陳述的命題完全相矛盾。根據形式邏輯排中律知識：兩個(gè)相互矛盾的判斷不能都是假的，其中必有一真。所以在閱讀理解中，假如四選項中A、B互為正反項，那我們通常先排除C、D項，正確答案一般在A(yíng)、B項當中取其一。 3.委婉項原則 所謂委婉，這里是指說(shuō)話(huà)不能說(shuō)死，要留有余地。閱讀理解選項中語(yǔ)氣平和、委婉的往往是正確答案。這些選項一般含有不十分肯定或試探性語(yǔ)氣的表達，如：probably, possibly, may, usually, might, most of, more or less,relatively, be likely to, not necessary, although, yet, in addition，tend to，be liable to等等，而含有絕對語(yǔ)氣的表達往往不是正確答案，如：must, always, never, the most,all, every, any, merely, only, completely, none, hardly, already等等。 4.同形項原則 幾個(gè)選項如存在形式與結構上的相似，那它們就互為同形項。同形項組可喻為高爾夫球場(chǎng)上的“果嶺”，而正確答案就是果嶺上的“球洞”。命題者往往先將正確答案設置在一個(gè)大命題范圍，然后通過(guò)語(yǔ)言形式的細微變化來(lái)考察考生的理解能力與分析能力。同形項原則告訴我們：詞匯與句法結構相似的選項一般存在有正確答案。 5.常識項原則 在議論文當中，那些符合一般常識，意義深刻富有哲理，符合一般規律，屬于普遍現象的選項往往是正確答案。 6.因果項原則 閱讀理解邏輯推理基本都是通過(guò)因果鏈進(jìn)行的，前因后果，一步步循序漸進(jìn)。然而，在推理題型的選項中，有的選項會(huì )推理不到位(止于前因)，或者推理過(guò)頭(止于后果)，這就是所謂的干擾項。因果項原則規定：假如四個(gè)選項中有兩項互為同一事物推理過(guò)程中的因果關(guān)系，那么正確答案就是這兩個(gè)因果項中的其中之一。如果因項可以產(chǎn)生幾個(gè)結果，那么答案就是因項;如果果項可以對應幾個(gè)原因，那么答案就是果項。
B
On one of her trips to New York several years ago, Eudora Welty decided to take a couple of New York friends out to dinner. They settled in at a comfortable East Side cafe and within minutes, another customer was approaching their table.
“Hey, aren’t you from Mississippi?” the elegant, white-haired writer remembered being asked by the stranger. “I’m from Mississippi too.”
Without a second thought, the woman joined the Welty party. When her dinner partner showed up, she also pulled up a chair.
“They began telling me all the news of Mississippi,” Welty said. “I didn’t know what my New York friends were thinking.”
Taxis on a rainy New York night are rarer than sunshine. By the time the group got up to leave, it was pouring outside. Welty’s new friends immediately sent a waiter to find a cab. Heading back downtown toward her hotel, her big-city friends were amazed at the turn of events that had changed their Big Apple dinner into a Mississippi.
“My friends said: ‘Now we believe your stories,’” Welty added. “And I said: ‘Now you know. These are the people that make me write them.’”
Sitting on a sofa in her room, Welty, a slim figure in a simple gray dress, looked pleased with this explanation.
“I don’t make them up,” she said of the characters in her fiction these last 50 or so years. “I don’t have to.”
Beauticians, bartenders, piano players and people with purple hats, Welty’s people come from afternoons spent visiting with old friends, from walks through the streets of her native Jackson, Miss., from conversations overheard on a bus. It annoys Welty that, at 78, her left ear has now given out. Sometimes, sitting on a bus or a train, she hears only a fragment(片段) of a particularly interesting story.
5.What happened when Welty was with her friends at the cafe?
A. Two strangers joined her.
B. Her childhood friends came in.
C. A heavy rain ruined the dinner.
D. Some people held a party there.
6.The underlined word “them” in Paragraph 6 refers to Welty’s.
A. readers B. parties C. friends D. stories
7.What can we learn about the characters in Welty’s fiction?
A. They live in big cities.
B. They are mostly women.
C. They come from real life.
D. They are pleasure seekers.
【答案】
5.A
6.D
7.C
6.D猜測詞義題。劃線(xiàn)的them指代前面提到的人或物，根據“Now we believe your stories”可知，them指代的是Welty寫(xiě)的小說(shuō)里面的故事，聽(tīng)了Welty和兩個(gè)陌生人的有關(guān)密西西比的談話(huà)之后，Welty的朋友相信了Welty小說(shuō)里的故事都是來(lái)源于生活，故選D。
7.C推理判斷題。根據“I don’t make them up”和“Welty’s people come from afternoons spent visiting with old friends, from walks through the streets of her native Jackson, Miss., from conversations overheard on a bus.”可知，Welty小說(shuō)里的人物并非虛構的，他們都來(lái)源于現實(shí)的生活，故選C。
考點(diǎn)：故事類(lèi)短文閱讀
【名師點(diǎn)睛】
猜詞技巧：閱讀理解的測試中經(jīng)常有猜測詞、短語(yǔ)、習語(yǔ)意義的題目，這些詞、短語(yǔ)、習語(yǔ)要么是生詞，要么是熟詞新義，單靠平時(shí)積累是不夠的，還要掌握一定的做題技巧�？偨Y如下： (1)根據構詞法(轉化、合成、派生)進(jìn)行判斷。 (2) 根據文中的定義、解釋猜生詞 ;利用事例或解釋猜生詞;利用重復解釋的信息猜生詞。 (3)根據上下文的指代關(guān)系進(jìn)行選擇：文章中的代詞it，that，he，him或them可以指上文提到的人或物，其中it和that還可以指一件事。第6題就是屬于對指代關(guān)系進(jìn)行判斷。 (4)根據轉折或對比關(guān)系進(jìn)行判斷：根據上下句的連接詞，如but，however，otherwise等就可以看到前后句在意義上的差別，從而依據某一句的含義，來(lái)確定另一句的含義。 (5)根據因果關(guān)系進(jìn)行判斷：俗話(huà)說(shuō)，“有因必有果，有果必有因”。根據原因可以預測結果，根據結果也可以找出原因。 (6)根據同位關(guān)系進(jìn)行判斷：閱讀中有時(shí)出現新詞、難詞，后面就跟著(zhù)一個(gè)同位語(yǔ)，對前面的詞進(jìn)行解釋?zhuān)袝r(shí)這種解釋也用連詞“or”連接。 (7)利用標點(diǎn)符號和提示詞猜測詞義。還可以表示轉折、對比或不相干的意義。破折號表示解釋說(shuō)明。 常見(jiàn)問(wèn)題形式有： (1)The word “…” in Line … means/can be best replaced by … (2)As used in the passage, the phrase??uggests?(3)Fromheassage,eannferhatheord/phrase?theentence??s/referso?means?(4)Theord??slosestneaningo?。還可以表示轉折、對比或不相干的意義。破折號表示解釋說(shuō)明?
常C
If you are a fruit grower—or would like to become one—take advantage of Apple Day to see what’s around.
It’s called Apple Day but in practice it’s more like Apple Month. The day itself is on October 21, but sinceit has
caught on, events now spread out over most of October around Britain.
Visiting an apple event is a good chance to see, and often taste, a wide variety of apples. To people who are used to the limited choice of apples such as Golden Delicious and Royal Gala in supermarkets, it can be quite an eye opener to see the range of classical apples still in existence, such as Decio which was grown by the Romans. Although it doesn’t taste of anything special, it’s still worth a try, as is the knobbly(多疙瘩的) Cat’s Head which is more of a curiosity than anything else.
There are also varieties developed to suit specific local conditions. One of the very best varieties for eating quality is Orleans Reinette, but you’ll need a warm, sheltered place with perfect soil to grow it, so it’s a pipe dream for most apple lovers who fall for it.
At the events, you can meet expert growers and discuss which ones will best suit your conditions, and because these are family affairs, children are well catered for with apple-themed fun and games.
Apple Days are being held at all sorts of places with an interest in fruit, including stately gardens and commercial orchards(果園).If you want to have a real orchard experience, try visiting the National Fruit Collection at Brogdale, near Faversham in Kent.
8.What can people do at the apple events?
A. Attend experts’ lectures. B. Visit fruit-loving families.
C. Plant fruit trees in an orchard. D. Taste many kinds of apples.
9.What can we learn about Decio?
A. It is a new variety. B. It has a strange look.
C. It is rarely seen now. D. It has a special taste.
10.What does the underlined phrase “a pipe dream” in Paragraph 3mean?
A. A practical idea. B. A vain hope.
C.A brilliant plan. D. A selfish desire.
11.What is the author’s purpose in writing the text?
A. To show how to grow apples.
B .To introduce an apple festival.
C. To help people select apples.
D. To promote apple research.
【答案】
8.D
9.C
10.B
11.B
【解析】
試題分析：作者向人們介紹了一個(gè)節日--Apple Day。由于這個(gè)節日翡翠受歡迎，現在已經(jīng)演變成“蘋(píng)果月”了。在英國，人們在十月份慶祝該節日，持續大約一個(gè)月的時(shí)間。
8.D細節理解題。根據第二段“Visiting an apple event is a good chance to see, and often taste, a wide variety of apples.”可知，參加相關(guān)的慶�；顒�(dòng)的人們可以品嘗各種各樣的蘋(píng)果，故選D。
9.C推理判斷題。故選C。
11.B寫(xiě)作意圖題。根據第一段“if you are a fruit grower—or would like to become one—take advantage of Apple Day to see what’s around. ”和最后一段“If you want to have a real orchard experience, try visiting the National Fruit Collection at Brogdale, near Faversham in Kent.”可知，作者向讀者介紹了一個(gè)節日—Apple Day，并推薦人們參加這個(gè)節日，故選B。
考點(diǎn)：生活故事類(lèi)短文閱讀
【名師點(diǎn)睛】
故事類(lèi)文章是高考閱讀理解常選材料之一。這類(lèi)文章常通過(guò)敘述突出人物性格特征或講述個(gè)人經(jīng)歷與感悟，以及逸聞趣事。文章的要素有時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、人物、事件等。有些是按事件發(fā)展的經(jīng)過(guò)為主線(xiàn)敘述的，在敘述的過(guò)程中有詳有略;有些是按時(shí)間的順序敘述的，有順敘、倒敘等。 解題技巧： 1、高考選用的此類(lèi)文章常常為幽默類(lèi)或情感類(lèi)故事，其目的或闡明某種觀(guān)點(diǎn)，或抨擊某種陋習，或贊揚某種品德，所以要關(guān)注作者表達的個(gè)人感悟，提出的個(gè)人意見(jiàn)，或故事中出其不意的變化，而這些往往體現文章中心或寫(xiě)作意圖，屬于必考點(diǎn)。例如第11題，考查寫(xiě)作意圖。作者向讀者介紹了一個(gè)節日—Apple Day，并推薦人們參加有關(guān)的活動(dòng)。 2、該類(lèi)文章語(yǔ)言流暢、有趣，命題往往從故事的情節、人物或事件之間的關(guān)系、作者的意圖和態(tài)度、故事的前因和后果等方面入手，考查學(xué)生對細節的辨認能力以及推理判斷能力。這類(lèi)文章同學(xué)們常有文章易懂，題目不易做的感覺(jué)。要注意培養自己快速閱讀的習慣。切不可在個(gè)別難懂的詞句上停留太久，耽誤時(shí)間。 3、對整篇短文內容有了一定的了解后，要馬上看短文后的問(wèn)題，帶著(zhù)問(wèn)題去選擇或判斷答案。要確定所需查找的信息范圍，并注意所查找信息的特點(diǎn)。例如：如果問(wèn)題或選項涉及到人名、地名，就應該找首字母大寫(xiě)的單詞;如果問(wèn)題或選項涉及時(shí)間、日期、數字，就應該尋找具體的數據。
D
Bad news sells. If it bleeds, it leads. No news is good news, and good news is no news. Those are the classic rules for the evening broadcasts and the morning papers.But now that information is being spread and monitored(監控) in different ways, researchers are discovering new rules. By tracking people’s e-mails and online posts, scientists have found that good news can spread faster and farther than disasters and sob stories.
“The ‘if it bleeds’ rule works for mass media,” says Jonah Berger, a scholar at the University of Pennsylvania. “They want your eyeballs and don’t care how you’re feeling. But when you share a story with your friends, you care a lot more how they react. You don’t want them to think of you as a Debbie Downer.”
Researchers analyzing word-of-mouth communication—e-mails, Web posts and reviews, face-to-face conversations—found that it tended to be more positive than negative(消極的), but that didn’t necessarily mean people preferred positive news. Was positive news shared more often simply because people experienced more good things than bad things? To test for that possibility, Dr. Berger looked at how people spread a particular set of news stories: thousands of articles on The New York Times’ website. He and a Penn colleague analyzed the “most e-mailed” list for six months. One of his first findings was that articles in the science section were much more likely to make the list than non-science articles. He found that science amazed Times’ readers and made them want to share this positive feeling with others.
Readers also tended to share articles that were exciting or funny, or that inspired negative feelings like anger or anxiety, but not articles that left them merely sad. They needed to be aroused(激發(fā)) one way or the other, and they preferred good news to bad. The more positive an article, the more likely it was to be shared, as Dr. Berger explains in his new book, “Contagious: Why Things Catch On.”
12 .What do the classic rules mentioned in the text apply to?
A. News reports. B. Research papers.
C.Private e-mails. D. Daily conversations.
13.What can we infer about people like Debbie Downer?
A. They’re socially inactive.
B. They’re good at telling stories.
C. They’re inconsiderate of others.
D. They’re careful with their words.
14.Which tended to be the most e-mailed according to Dr. Berger’s research?
A . Sports new. B. Science articles.
C. Personal accounts. D. Financial reviews.
15 .What can be a suitable title for the text?
A. Sad Stories Travel Far and Wide
B .Online News Attracts More People
C. Reading Habits Change with the Times
D. Good News Beats Bad on Social Networks
【答案】
12.A
13.C
14.B
15.D
13.C推理判斷題。根據“you care a lot more how they react”可知，你非常在乎朋友聽(tīng)完你講的故事后的反應，根據“You don’t want them to think of you as a Debbie Downer.”可知，你不想被當作一個(gè)“Debbie Downer”，說(shuō)明指的是“一個(gè)不為他人考慮的人”，故選C。
14.B細節理解題。根據第三段“articles in the science section were much more likely to make the list than non-science articles”可知，科技類(lèi)的文章比非科技類(lèi)的更有可能被人們討論，故選B。
15.D選擇最佳標題。根據第一段“By tracking people’s e-mails and online posts, scientists have found that good news can spread faster and farther than disasters and sob stories.”可知，好消息在網(wǎng)絡(luò )上傳播得更快，影響更深遠;說(shuō)明文章主要講的是好消息通過(guò)網(wǎng)絡(luò )的傳播，故選D。
考點(diǎn)：風(fēng)俗文化類(lèi)短文閱讀
【名師點(diǎn)睛】
主旨大意題主要考查學(xué)生把握全文主題和理解中心思想的能力。根據多年的備考及高考實(shí)踐，這類(lèi)題目考察的范圍是：基本論點(diǎn)、文章標題、主題或段落大意等。它要求考生在理解全文的基礎上能較好地運用概括、判斷、歸納、推理等邏輯思維方法，對文章進(jìn)行高度概括或總結，屬于高層次題。 選擇“主題”旨在考查考生是否掌握了所讀文章的主要內容或主旨，通常用詞、短語(yǔ)或句子來(lái)概括。常見(jiàn)的提問(wèn)方式有： 1. What is the main / general idea of this text? 2. What is mainly discussed in this passage? 3. What is the text mainly about? 4. This text mainly tells us ________. 5. This passage mainly deals with _________. 6. The main idea of this passage may be best expressed as_________. 選擇“標題”則是讓考生給所讀的文章選擇一個(gè)合適的標題。通常標題由一個(gè)名詞或名詞短語(yǔ)充當，用詞簡(jiǎn)短、精練。常見(jiàn)的提問(wèn)方式有： 1. What would be the best title for the text? 2. Which of the following is the best / most suitable title for this text? 3. The best / most suitable title for this text would be ________. 4. The topic of this passage is _________. 不管是選擇“主題”還是選擇“標題”，實(shí)質(zhì)上都是要求考生從整體上理解語(yǔ)篇內容，找出貫穿語(yǔ)篇的主線(xiàn);不管是何種體裁的文章，總是圍繞一個(gè)主題來(lái)展開(kāi)的。在試題設計上，3個(gè)干擾項內容一般在文章里或多或少都有涉及，但并非主要內容，需要注意甄別。
第二節 (共5小題;每小題2分，滿(mǎn)分10分)
根據短文內容，從短文后的選項中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余選項。
Everyone knows that fish is good for health. 16 But it seems that many people don’t cook fish at home. Americans eat only about fifteen pounds of fish per person per year, but we eat twice as much fish in restaurants as at home. Buying, storing, and cooking fish isn’t difficult. 17 This text is about how to buy and cook fish in an easy way.
18 Fresh fish should smell sweet: you should feel that you’re standing at the ocean’s edge. Any fishy or strong smell means the fish isn’t fresh. 19 When you have bought a fish and arrive home, you’d better store the fish in the refrigerator if you don’t cook it immediately, but fresh fish should be stored in your fridge for only a day or two. Frozen fish isn’t as tasty as the fresh one.
There are many common methods used to cook fish. 20 First, lean it and season it with your choice of spices(調料). Put the whole fish on a plate and steam it in a steam pot for 8 to 10 minutes if it weighs about one pound. (A larger one will take more time.) Then, it’s ready to serve.
A. Do not buy it. B. The easiest is to steam it. C. This is how you can do it. D. It just requires a little knowledge. E. The fish will go bad within hours. F. When buying fish, you should first smell it. G. The fats in fish are thought to help prevent heart disease.
【答案】
16.G
17.D
18.F
19.A
20.B
17.D考查上下文串聯(lián)。題目前一句“Buying, storing, and cooking fish isn’t difficult.”可知，購買(mǎi)，存放和燒魚(yú)并非難事，再根據后面一句可知，文章主要介紹了買(mǎi)魚(yú)和燒魚(yú)的簡(jiǎn)單知識，D項“這僅僅需要一點(diǎn)知識”符合語(yǔ)境，此題容易與C項混淆，C項后面應該直接跟燒魚(yú)的方法，即C項與后一句重復，故選D。
18.F考查上下文串聯(lián)。根據“Fresh fish should smell sweet”可知，本段講的是買(mǎi)魚(yú)的時(shí)候要聞一下魚(yú)的氣味，故選F。
19.A考查上下文串聯(lián)。根據前一句“Any fishy or strong smell means the fish isn’t fresh.”可知，帶有強烈的味道的魚(yú)都不是新鮮的，不應該買(mǎi)這樣的魚(yú)，A項與后句聯(lián)系緊密，故選A。
20.B考查上下文串聯(lián)。根據“Put the whole fish on a plate and steam it in a steam pot”可知，本段介紹的是蒸魚(yú)的方法，故選B。
考點(diǎn)：生活類(lèi)短文閱讀
【名師點(diǎn)睛】
高考七選五解題方法
1.通讀全文，了解文章大意。這是一個(gè)泛讀的過(guò)程，目的是了解文章大意，為以后的理解做鋪墊。
2.分析句型，了解語(yǔ)法構成
3.當我們了解了文章大意后，要明確每一個(gè)空是填一個(gè)整句子還是半個(gè)句子。這一點(diǎn)十分重要，它能夠幫助我們迅速確定某些空的選項范圍，比如，有一個(gè)空的結尾處沒(méi)有標點(diǎn)符號，后文緊跟著(zhù)一個(gè)句子的后半部分，很顯然這時(shí)我們需要填的是半個(gè)句子，這時(shí)便可以在七個(gè)選項中找到是半個(gè)句子的選項，從而縮小選擇范圍。
4.明確關(guān)聯(lián)關(guān)系。任何句子都是要么和上文有聯(lián)系，要么和下文有聯(lián)系，要么和上下文都有聯(lián)系。例如第16空，第19空和第20空都與它們的前一句有聯(lián)系。
5.帶入通讀，復查
做完題目切忌直接離開(kāi)，這是我們很有必要將自己修正好的文章通讀一遍，將其看做一片行文通順語(yǔ)意連貫的文章來(lái)讀，這是如果感到有含義不連貫的地方，很有可能是我們填錯了空，就要復查了，注意：七選五的特點(diǎn)在于，錯一道，往往還會(huì )錯另外的一道或幾道，我們叫做"連錯"，所以當你發(fā)現自己有一處填的有問(wèn)題時(shí)，一定要同時(shí)檢查其它空。
第二部分：英語(yǔ)知識運用(共兩節，滿(mǎn)分45分)
第一節完形填空(共20小題;每小題15分，滿(mǎn)分30分)
閱讀下面的短文，從短文后各題所給的四個(gè)選項(A、B、C和D)中，選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項，并在答題卡上將該項涂黑。
When I was13 my only purpose was to become the star on our football team.That meant 21 Miller King,who was the best 22 at our school.
Football season started in September and all summer long I worked out.I carried my football everywhere for 23.
Just before September,Miller was struck by a car and lost his right arm.I went to see him after he came back from 24 .He looked very 25 ,but he didn’t cry.
That season,I 26 all of Miller`srecords while he 27 the home games from the bench.We went 10-1 and I was named most valuable player, 28 I often had crazy dreams in which I was to blame for Miller’s 29 .
One afternoon,I was crossing the field to go home and saw Miller 30 going over a fence—which wasn’t 31 to climb if you had both arms.I’m sure I was the last person in the world he wanted to accept 32 from.But even that challenge he accepted.I 33 him move slowly over the fence.When we were finally 34 on the other side,he said to me,"You know,I didn’t tell you this during the season,but you did 35 .Thank you for filling in for 36 ."
His words freed me from my bad 37.I thought to myself,how even without an arm he was more of a leader.Damaged but not defeated,he was 38 ahead of me. I was right to have 39 him.From that day on，I grew 40 and a little more real.
21.A. heering for B.beating out C. relying on D.staying with
22.A.coach B.student C. teacher D.player
23.A.practice B. show C. comfort D.pleasure
24.A.school B. vacation C. hospital D.training
25.A. pale B. calm C. relaxed D.ashamed
26.A. held B. broke C. set D.tried
27.A.reported B.judged C. organized D.watched
28.A.and B. then C. but D.thus
29.A. decision B. mistake C.accident D.sacrifice
30.A.stuck B. hurt C. tried D.lost
31.A. steady B. hard C. fun D.fit
32.A.praise B. advice C. assistance D.apology
33.A.let B. helped C. had D.noticed
34.A. dropped B. ready C. trapped D.safe
35.A.fine B.wrong C. quickly D.normally
36.A. us B. yourself C. me D.them
37.A.memories B. ideas C. attitudes D.dreams
38.A.still B. also C. yet D.just
39.A. challenged B.cured C. invited D.admired
40.A.healthier B. bigger C. cleverer D.cooler
【答案】
21. B 22. D 23. A 24. C 25. A 26. B 27. D 28. C 29. C 30. A 31. B 32. C 33. B 34. D
35. A 36. C 37. D 38. A 39. D 40. B
22.D考查名詞辨析。A.coach教練;B. student學(xué)生;C. teacher教師;D. player選手，球員。who was the best 22 at our school.全校最好的球員是Miller King，故選D。
23.A考查名詞辨析。A.practice練習;B. show演出，表現，節目;C. comfort安慰;D. pleasure樂(lè )趣。作者隨身帶著(zhù)足球是為了練習，故選A。
24.C考查名詞辨析。A.school學(xué)校;B. vacation假期;C. hospital醫院;D. training訓練。Miller意外受傷，失去了右臂，作者在他出院后去看他，故選C。
25.A考查形容詞辨析。A. pale蒼白的;B. calm平靜的;C. relaxed放松點(diǎn);D. ashamed羞恥的，慚愧的。根據“but he didn’t cry”可知，Miller的情況不太樂(lè )觀(guān)，故選A。
26.B考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A. held握住;B. broke打破;C. set創(chuàng )立，開(kāi)創(chuàng );D. tried嘗試。根據“records記錄”可知，作者破了Miller的紀錄，故選B。
27.D考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A.reported報告;B. judged 判斷;C. organized組織;D. watched觀(guān)看。while he 27 the home games from the bench受傷后的Miller坐在長(cháng)凳上觀(guān)看比賽，故選D。
28.C考查并列連詞。A.and和;B. then然后;C. but但是;D. thus因此。I was named most valuable player和I often had crazy dreams形成對比，作者雖然被封為最有價(jià)值球員，但是他總是做噩夢(mèng)，故選C。
29.C考查名詞辨析。A. decision決定;B. mistake錯誤;C. accident事故;D. sacrifice犧牲。讓作者感到內疚的是，仿佛是自己應該為Miller的事故負責，作者覺(jué)得有點(diǎn)勝之不武，故選C。
30.A考查形容詞辨析。A.stuck;B. hurt;C. tired勞累的;D. lost丟失的。saw Miller 30 going over a fence作者看到Miller在翻籬笆，只有一只手臂的Miller翻籬笆很困難，因此應該是被卡在籬笆上了，故選A。
31.B考查形容詞辨析。A. steady穩定的;B. hard困難的;C. fun有趣的;D. fit合適的，健康的。if you had both arms.手臂健全的人翻籬笆不費吹灰之力，故選B。
32.C考查名詞辨析。A.praise表?yè)P;B. advice建議;C. assistance幫助;D. apology道歉。作者認為Miller最不愿接受作者的幫助，the last最不可能的，故選C。
33.B考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A.let讓;B. helped幫助;C. had有，使;D. noticed注意到。根據“he accepted”可知，Miller接受了作者的幫助，故選B。
34.D考查形容詞辨析。A. dropped;B. ready準備好的;C. trapped被困住的;D. safe安全的。作者和Miller兩人成功翻過(guò)籬笆，故選D。
35.A考查副詞辨析。A.fine夠好，可接受;B. wrong錯誤地;C. quickly迅速;D. normally正常。Miller認為作者表現得很好，故選A。
36.C考查代詞辨析。A. us我們;B. yourself 你自己; C. me我;D. them他們。Miller感謝作者填補了他的空缺，故選C。
39.D考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A. challenged挑戰;B. cured治愈;C. invited邀請;D. admired敬佩，贊賞，欣賞。I was right to have 39 him.作者認為自己敬佩Miller沒(méi)有做錯，故選D。
40.B考查形容詞比較級。A.healthier更健康的;B. bigger更大的，更重要的，更成功的;C. cleverer更聰明的;D. cooler更酷的，更涼的。從那天起，作者長(cháng)大了許多，更重視自己的存在了，故選B。
考點(diǎn)：生活故事類(lèi)短文閱讀
【名師點(diǎn)睛】
完形填空具體解題技巧： 【技巧一】利用邏輯關(guān)系語(yǔ)，定位相關(guān)選項 邏輯關(guān)系語(yǔ)指表示各種邏輯意義的連句手段，主要有： (1)詞(包括連詞、副詞和少數介詞)，如and, but, or, because, though, however, yet, therefore, otherwise, despite等; (2)短語(yǔ)，如in other words, or rather, in addition, as a result, so that, on the contrary, instead of等; (3)分句和獨立結構，如that is to say, what is more, all things considered等。邏輯關(guān)系語(yǔ)對準確理解語(yǔ)篇意義能夠起到很強的提示作用。完形填空中很多題目都圍繞它們而設�？忌诮忸}時(shí)要充分利用這些邏輯關(guān)系語(yǔ)，找到與文中某些詞、短語(yǔ)有密切關(guān)系的選項，如其同義詞、近義詞或反義詞等，有時(shí)這些詞、短語(yǔ)甚至復現在文中。 【技巧二】通曉上下文意，注意習慣搭配 詞匯的習慣用法或固定搭配，特別是動(dòng)詞、名詞、形容詞、介詞等的搭配在完形填空題中出現的比例很大。如果考生在備考時(shí)對常用的習慣用法或固定搭配能牢固地掌握，并在解題時(shí)靈活運用，就能達到事半功倍的效果。 【技巧三】明確文章語(yǔ)境，搞清詞語(yǔ)差異 高考完形填空選項的設置一般均屬于同一詞類(lèi)，有的甚至在意義上也非常接近。為了順利解答此類(lèi)問(wèn)題，考生在平時(shí)記憶單詞時(shí)，要在例句中把握其用法并能在考試中結合語(yǔ)境，比較四個(gè)選項的細微差別，推敲什么是最佳答案。 【技巧四】探究前后邏輯，確定連接詞匯 連接詞是構成語(yǔ)篇的紐帶，也是相關(guān)語(yǔ)句信息的結合點(diǎn)。命題人常在這些“關(guān)節”上設置題目，考查學(xué)生的語(yǔ)用能力。因此，考生在解題時(shí)，要仔細分析，推理前后的邏輯關(guān)系，確定最佳選項。
第II卷
注意：將答案寫(xiě)在答題卡上。寫(xiě)在本試卷上無(wú)效。
第二部分：英語(yǔ)知識運用(共兩節，滿(mǎn)分45分)
第二節(共10小題每小題1.5分，滿(mǎn)分15分)
閱讀下面材料，在空白處填入適當的內容(個(gè)單詞)或括號內單詞的正確形式。
In much of Asia,especially the so-called"rice bowl" cultures of China,Japan,Korea, Vietnam,food is usually eaten with chopsticks.
Chopsticks are usually two long,thin pieces of wood or bamboo.They can also be made of plastic,animal bone or metal.Sometimes chopsticks are quite artistic.Truly elegant chopsticks might 42 (make)of gold and silver with Chinese characters.Skilled workers also combine various hardwoods and metal 43 (create)special designs.
The Chinese have used chopsticks for five thousand years.People probably cooked their food in large pots, 44 (use)twigs(樹(shù)枝)to remove it.Over time, thepopulation grew,people began cutting food into small pieces so it would cook more quickly.
Food in small pieces could be eaten easily with twigs which 46 (gradual)turned into chopsticks.
Some people think that the great Chinese scholar Confucius, 47 lived from roughly 551 to 479 B.C.,influenced the 48 (develop)of chopsticks.Confucius believed knives would remind people of killings and 49 (be)too violent for use at the table.
Chopsticks are not used everywhere in Asia.In India,for example,most people traditionally eat 50 their hands.
【答案】
41.and
42.be made
43.to create
44.using
45.as/when
46.gradually
47.who
48.development
49.were
50.with
43.to create考查不定式作目的狀語(yǔ)。技術(shù)嫻熟的工人會(huì )把各種各樣的硬質(zhì)木材和金屬結合起來(lái)，以創(chuàng )造出特殊風(fēng)格的筷子。這里用不定式表目的，故填to create。
44.using考查現在分詞作伴隨狀語(yǔ)。人們可能使用大鍋煮食物，用樹(shù)枝把鍋移開(kāi)，use的邏輯主語(yǔ)是people，兩者是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，用現在分詞表示伴隨狀況，故填using。
45.as/when考查時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句。句意：隨著(zhù)人口的增長(cháng)，人們開(kāi)始把食物切成小塊，這樣可以煮得快一點(diǎn)，這里是時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句，when意為“當……時(shí)候”，后跟長(cháng)動(dòng)作或短動(dòng)作，故填as/when。
46.gradually考查副詞。副詞修飾動(dòng)詞或形容詞，這里修飾動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)turned into，應該用副詞，故填gradually。
47.who考查非限制性定語(yǔ)從句。劇中有逗號，說(shuō)明是非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，先行詞是Confucius孔子，定語(yǔ)從句缺少主語(yǔ)，且指人，故填who。
48.development考查詞性轉換。the+名詞+of，意為“……的……”，這里指“筷子的發(fā)展”，故填development。
49.were考查時(shí)態(tài)。根據句意可知，這里指的是刀子因太暴力而不適合在餐桌上使用，believed后跟一個(gè)賓語(yǔ)從句，and連接了兩個(gè)并列的謂語(yǔ)，主語(yǔ)knives是復數，根據時(shí)態(tài)一致的原則，這里用一般過(guò)去時(shí)，故填were。
50.with考查介詞。句意：在印度，大部分人還是用傳統的吃飯方法--用手拿，with+表示具體工具的名詞，故填with。
考點(diǎn)：名詞;介詞;副詞;并列連詞;非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞;定語(yǔ)從句;狀語(yǔ)從句
【名師點(diǎn)睛】
語(yǔ)法填空的解題技巧
語(yǔ)法填空是通過(guò)語(yǔ)篇在語(yǔ)境中考查語(yǔ)法知識的運用能力。我們在解題前應快速瀏覽短文掌握大意，有把握的空格可以進(jìn)行填寫(xiě)。在讀懂的基礎上，再結合短文提供的特定的語(yǔ)言環(huán)境去逐句分析逐題解答。按題型設計分三種情況：
1. 純空格試題的解題技巧
首先分析句子結構，根據所缺成分確定哪類(lèi)詞。然后根據句子意思，確定具體填什么詞，或根據兩句間的邏輯關(guān)系確定具體用哪個(gè)連詞。比如第41空，45空，47空和50空，41空考查并列連詞，45空考查時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句，47空考查非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，50空考查介詞。
2. 給出了動(dòng)詞的試題解題技巧
首先，判斷要填的動(dòng)詞是謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞還是非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。若句子沒(méi)有別的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞或者雖然已有謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，但需填的動(dòng)詞與之是并列關(guān)系，所給動(dòng)詞就是謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，若是謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞就要考慮時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài);若句子有謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞則用非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞(動(dòng)詞不定式、現在分詞、動(dòng)名詞和過(guò)去分詞)。比如42空，43空和49空，給的是動(dòng)詞，根據句意可知42空是動(dòng)詞詞組，43空是不定式表目的，49空是并列的謂語(yǔ)。
3. 詞匯轉換題解題技巧
這類(lèi)題主要考查名詞、形容詞和副詞。根據所給詞在句中所做句子成分確定用哪種形式。比如46空和48空，分別考查動(dòng)詞轉換為名詞和形容詞轉換為副詞。
第三部分寫(xiě)作(共兩節，滿(mǎn)分35分)
第一節短文改錯(共10小題;每小題1分，滿(mǎn)分10分)
假定英語(yǔ)課上老師要求同桌之間交換修改作文，請你修改你同桌寫(xiě)的以下作文。文中共有10處語(yǔ)言錯誤，每句中最多有兩處。每處錯誤僅涉及一個(gè)單詞的增加、刪除或修改。
增加：在缺詞處加一個(gè)漏字符號(∧)，并在其下面寫(xiě)出該加的詞。
刪除：把多余的詞用斜線(xiàn)()劃掉。
修改：在錯的詞下劃一橫線(xiàn)，并在該詞下面寫(xiě)出修改后的詞。
注意：1. 每處錯誤及其修改均僅限一詞;
2. 只允許修改10處，多者(從第11處起)不計分。
The teenage year from 13 to 19 were the most difficult time for me . They were also the best and worse years in my life . At the first, I thought I knew everything and could make decisions by yourself. However, my parents didn’t seem to think such. They always tell me what to do and how to do it. At one time , I even felt my parents couldn’t understand me so I hoped I could be freely from them. I showed them I was independent by wear strange clothes. Now I am leaving home to college. At last, I will be on my own, but I still want to have my parents to turn to whenever need help.
【答案】
51.year—years
52.worse—worst
53.the去掉
54.yourself—myself
55.such—so
56.tell—told
57.freely—free
58.wear—wearing
59.to—for
60.I ∧need
53.the去掉考查冠詞。at first起初，是固定詞組，不需要冠詞，故把the去掉。
54.yourself—myself考查反身代詞。句意：我認為我什么都知道，可以自己拿主意了。這里指作者自己做決定，根據主語(yǔ)I可知，應該用myself，故把yourself改為mmyself。
55.such—so考查so/such的用法。 my parents didn’t seem to think so我的父母似乎不這樣認為，so指代上一句的內容，故把such改為so。
56.tell—told考查時(shí)態(tài)。通篇回憶過(guò)去的事情，使用的一般過(guò)去時(shí)，故把tell改為told。
57.freely—free考查形容詞副詞。be后跟形容詞構成系表結構，be free from...擺脫......，不受......的影響，故把freely改為free。
考點(diǎn)：名詞;形容詞;代詞;介詞;最高級;固定搭配;時(shí)態(tài)
【名師點(diǎn)睛】
改錯中動(dòng)詞、連詞以及上下文語(yǔ)境也是出題者經(jīng)常會(huì )考慮的出題知識點(diǎn)，其解題方法如下： 1.動(dòng)詞錯誤的發(fā)現與解決 英語(yǔ)中有許多的短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，是很難從字面上判斷其意義的。其中與介詞構成短語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞是最常見(jiàn)的。我們在分析題目的時(shí)候，發(fā)現有動(dòng)賓搭配的時(shí)候，應該考慮該動(dòng)詞是否是一個(gè)短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，并進(jìn)而分析構成該短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的介詞有無(wú)遺漏。對于短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的熟悉是一個(gè)長(cháng)期積累的過(guò)程，需要隨時(shí)總結與記憶。以下是考試中常見(jiàn)到的短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞： account for; add up to; back up; break down; break away from; bleak out; break up; break in; break off; bring about; bring up; bring out; bring down; build up; call off; call for; call on; carry out; check in; clear up; come off; come around; count on; cut down; cut off; do away with; dwell on; fall back on; fall out; get over; get out of; get at; give out; give up; give off; hang on; hold back; keep back from; keep up with; lay off; lay down; live up to; look into; look forward to; look over; make up; make out; pass away; put up with; role out; run out of; set about; take over; take up; take in; take off; turn up; turn out; work out 等。 還有一種�？嫉膭�(dòng)詞的用法就是語(yǔ)態(tài)。在所分析的文字中包含謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，那么應該分析是否是這方面的問(wèn)題。其中應該重點(diǎn)分析主語(yǔ)與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的關(guān)系是主動(dòng)還是被動(dòng)。 2.連接詞錯誤的發(fā)現與解決 例： However, a second person thought that this was more a question of civilized behavior as good manners. 本題所考查的就是比較連接詞的用法。從前文的more我們就可以看出，下文的as是不恰當的，正確的答案應是比較連接詞than。一般來(lái)說(shuō)，比較連接詞所考查的重點(diǎn)集中在as與than的用法上。句意中是否還有比較意義是很容易辨別的，我們一旦覺(jué)察到句子有比較的意思，就應考慮是否是as與than的用法混淆。 此外定語(yǔ)從句的連接詞也是要特別注意的。我們看 2000年6月的第74題：Instead，this other person told us a story，it he said was quite well known.在這里，句子的后半段很明顯是一個(gè)非限制性的定語(yǔ)從句，所以應將it改為which.非限制性的定語(yǔ)從句的連接詞在近幾年的考試中反復出現，應該引起我們的重視。解決此類(lèi)問(wèn)題的方法是，凡是發(fā)現有復合句的分析對象，首先就要考慮從句的連接詞。首先看是否有連接詞，其次看連接詞是否正確，尤其是which與 that的不同應用。 3.語(yǔ)言環(huán)境類(lèi)錯誤的發(fā)現與解決 從歷年的考題來(lái)看，語(yǔ)言環(huán)境類(lèi)的錯誤是最有章可循的。這類(lèi)錯誤一般是一行中的關(guān)鍵詞與上下文所體現出來(lái)的意思完全相反。此類(lèi)題的解決也較簡(jiǎn)單，那就是將不符合文意的詞改為它的反義詞即可。如第54題就是屬于語(yǔ)境錯誤。句意：我認為我什么都知道，可以自己拿主意了。這里指作者自己做決定，根據主語(yǔ)I可知，應該用myself，故把yourself改為myself。
第二節書(shū)面表達(滿(mǎn)分25分)
假定你是李華，與留學(xué)生朋友Bob約好一起去書(shū)店，因故不能赴約。請給他寫(xiě)封郵件，內容包括：
1.表示歉意;
2.說(shuō)明原因;
3.另約時(shí)間。
注意：
1.詞數100左右;
2.可以適當增加細節，以使行文連貫。
【答案】
Dear Bob,
I’m sorry to say that I cannot go to the bookstore with you on Friday afternoon. I have just found that I have to attend an important class meeting that afternoon. I hope the change will not cause you too much trouble.
Shall we go on Saturday morning? We can set out early so that we’ll have more time to read and select books. If it’s convenient for you, let’s meet at 8:30 outside the school gate. If not, let me know what time suits you best. I should be available any time after school next week.
Yours,
Li Hua
【解析】
考點(diǎn)：書(shū)信類(lèi)作文
【名師點(diǎn)睛】
題目是常規的書(shū)信作文，要求寫(xiě)一封道歉信，是應用文的一種。寫(xiě)作的內容已經(jīng)給出，表達歉意的同時(shí)，還要與對方另約時(shí)間。因此，不僅僅是一封道歉信。寫(xiě)作時(shí)注意涵蓋所有要點(diǎn)，還要兼顧上下文的連貫性。
試卷點(diǎn)評
一、知識與能力考查分布
二、試題特點(diǎn)
1、貫徹立德樹(shù)人根本任務(wù)，重視“關(guān)鍵能力”
從整套試卷的取材來(lái)看，突出了對人文關(guān)懷、節能意識、健康理念、審美情趣的考查，體現了高考的育人功能和積極導向作用。
如，閱讀理解A篇考查實(shí)際語(yǔ)言應用場(chǎng)景——火車(chē)站相關(guān)信息閱讀，貼近生活，倡導活學(xué)活用;閱讀理解B篇介紹重復閱讀的好處，對于學(xué)生的學(xué)習和成長(cháng)具有指導意義。
七選五閱讀語(yǔ)篇選材以“自我接納”為主題，引導考生積極進(jìn)行自我對話(huà)，關(guān)注青少年心理健康，體現了以人為本的價(jià)值理念。
完形填空的主題為人與自我，文風(fēng)偏散文，作者通過(guò)講述親子關(guān)系，對自己的行為進(jìn)行了反思并有所感悟。在批判自我中獲得對于事物的認知與成長(cháng)，對于啟發(fā)與培養學(xué)生良好思維品質(zhì)有積極的引導作用。
短文改錯講述了“我”在媽媽的指導下學(xué)做飯的經(jīng)歷，兼具趣味性和知識性，貼合學(xué)生實(shí)際生活經(jīng)驗，提倡了勞動(dòng)精神。
2、關(guān)注社科進(jìn)步發(fā)展，培養探索創(chuàng )新意識
試卷緊扣“人與自我、人與自然、人與社會(huì )”三大主題語(yǔ)境，語(yǔ)篇涉及了火車(chē)失物招領(lǐng)、閱讀之美、體育運動(dòng)、前沿科技等多個(gè)方面，貼近生活實(shí)際情景，在語(yǔ)篇基礎上深入考查綜合語(yǔ)言運用能力。
閱讀理解D篇介紹了“植物能源”這一前沿科技，提醒學(xué)生關(guān)注與生活工作相關(guān)的科技動(dòng)態(tài)，引導學(xué)生了解科學(xué)領(lǐng)域的最新成果，培養創(chuàng )新意識;在語(yǔ)法填空部分，介紹了中國探索太空的最新研究進(jìn)展，不僅幫助學(xué)生拓寬視野，也能激發(fā)學(xué)生的愛(ài)國精神，增強中國自信。
這些文章和題目不僅能讓學(xué)生體會(huì )到科學(xué)的無(wú)限趣味和實(shí)際功用，還會(huì )促使學(xué)生深入思考科技創(chuàng )新在人類(lèi)生活和發(fā)展過(guò)程中起到的重要作用，有利于引導學(xué)生養成科學(xué)精神和人文情懷。
3、突出“學(xué)科素養”，引導英語(yǔ)教學(xué)
學(xué)科核心素養是英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)言學(xué)習者應具有的綜合品質(zhì)。試卷對閱讀理解、語(yǔ)言表達和批判性思維著(zhù)重進(jìn)行了考查。
閱讀理解C篇圍繞競走運動(dòng)展開(kāi)，題材貼近生活，在考題中引導考生對競走運動(dòng)進(jìn)行思考，突出了對考生批判性思維和辯證能力的考查。引導學(xué)生關(guān)注身體健康，加強鍛煉。語(yǔ)言方面，術(shù)語(yǔ)較少，生詞量不大，但存在部分長(cháng)難句，對學(xué)生分析句子、提取重要信息的能力，提出了較高要求。
英語(yǔ)考試技巧
一、多分析事物，注意積累表現事物動(dòng)態(tài)的詞語(yǔ)。
世界上的一切事物，不時(shí)刻刻都在運動(dòng)和變革。我們怎樣才能把它們的動(dòng)態(tài)寫(xiě)出來(lái)呢?一是在觀(guān)察周?chē)挛锏臅r(shí)候，要特別留心事物處于動(dòng)態(tài)時(shí)的特征;二是要掌握必然數量的能準確描繪事物動(dòng)態(tài)的動(dòng)詞。同學(xué)們學(xué)過(guò)的《小英雄雨來(lái)》一課中有一句寫(xiě)雨來(lái)游水的話(huà)：“雨來(lái)像小鴨子一樣抖著(zhù)頭上的水，用手抹一下眼睛和鼻子，嘴里吹著(zhù)氣，望著(zhù)媽媽笑�！边@句話(huà)，抓住雨來(lái)游水時(shí)動(dòng)作的特點(diǎn)，用“抖”、“抹”、“吹”、“望”、“笑”等五個(gè)準確的動(dòng)詞，寫(xiě)出了雨來(lái)出水時(shí)的五個(gè)連續動(dòng)作，把雨來(lái)天真、活潑、頑皮的性格描繪得栩栩如生�？梢�(jiàn)，我們要把事物的動(dòng)態(tài)寫(xiě)得形象傳神，除了觀(guān)察、分析事物的動(dòng)態(tài)特征外，還必需積累必然數量的描寫(xiě)動(dòng)態(tài)的詞語(yǔ)。
二、多聽(tīng)聽(tīng)音響，注意積累摹擬聲音的詞語(yǔ)。
怎樣把文章寫(xiě)得有聲有色呢?除了抓住事物的形象特征進(jìn)行具體的描繪外，還要注意傾聽(tīng)它們發(fā)出來(lái)的各種各樣的聲音，把聲音用文字描寫(xiě)出來(lái)，讓人有“如聞其聲”的感覺(jué)。因此，我們平時(shí)除要“眼觀(guān)四面”外，還要注意“耳聽(tīng)八方”，傾聽(tīng)周?chē)鞣N各樣的聲音。聽(tīng)它們的音色、音量有什么區別，聽(tīng)它們抑揚頓挫的變革規律，聽(tīng)這些聲音表達了什么樣的思想感情。然后，把聽(tīng)到的聲音記下來(lái)，用象聲的詞語(yǔ)(也就是象聲詞)描繪出來(lái)。這樣，文章就會(huì )真的有聲有色了。
三、多讀多記憶，注意積累寓意深刻的成語(yǔ)。
成語(yǔ)是漢語(yǔ)詞匯海洋里的珍珠。它寓意深刻、內容豐富，讀起來(lái)朗朗上口，用起來(lái)言簡(jiǎn)意明。如果我們能掌握大量的成語(yǔ)，對我們說(shuō)話(huà)、作文都是很有好處的。
成語(yǔ)之多，浩如煙海，僅一本《漢語(yǔ)成語(yǔ)大詞典》就收有17000個(gè)。在我們小學(xué)語(yǔ)文教材里也用了不少的成語(yǔ)。如十二冊老舍寫(xiě)的《風(fēng)》這篇課文中就用了如下八個(gè)成語(yǔ)：七零八散、四面八方、暗無(wú)天日、日月無(wú)光、驚濤駭浪、鬼哭神號、橫行無(wú)忌、雞毛蒜皮。
成語(yǔ)這么多，怎樣記憶和積累呢?
成語(yǔ)一般是由四個(gè)字組成，并且在語(yǔ)法結構和選詞組合上多數有必然的規律，且擺列有趣�，F在我們按照成語(yǔ)結構選詞組合的特點(diǎn)進(jìn)行分類(lèi)收集。這樣便于查找，也便于記憶。
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