考研英語(yǔ)高分之剖析狀語(yǔ)從句
1.There is a virtual limit on how long we can hope to remain alive,however lucky and robust we are,突破考研英語(yǔ)高分之剖析狀語(yǔ)從句。
[參考譯文] 不管我們多么幸運,多么健壯,我們所希望的長(cháng)壽年齡實(shí)際上是有限度的。
[結構分析] 該句分為兩部分:(There is a virtual limit on how long we can hope to remain alive, ) (however lucky and robust we are。),第一部分是主句,第二部分是however引導的讓步狀語(yǔ)從句;主句中on…alive是介詞短語(yǔ),作limit的后置定語(yǔ),how引導的從句是介詞on的賓語(yǔ),該從句的主語(yǔ)是we,謂語(yǔ)是can hope to remain,表語(yǔ)是alive;讓步狀語(yǔ)從句的主語(yǔ)是we,謂語(yǔ)是are,表語(yǔ)是lucky and robust。這句話(huà)翻譯時(shí)也要將從句提前,然后再譯主句。
[知識鏈接] virtual實(shí)際的;remain保持;a limit on…對……有限制;alive活著(zhù)的;lucky幸運的;robust健壯的。
2. While formal learning is transmitted by teachers selected to perform this role, informal learning is acquired as a natural part of a child's development。
[參考譯文] 盡管正式的學(xué)習過(guò)程是由挑選出來(lái)?yè)敶私巧慕處焷?lái)進(jìn)行的,非正式的學(xué)習過(guò)程卻是作為孩子成長(cháng)的自然一部分而完成的。
[結構分析] 該句可拆分為兩部分,(While formal learning is transmitted by teachers selected to perform this role,) (informal learning is acquired as a natural part of a child's development. ),第一部分是While引導的讓步狀語(yǔ)從句,第二部分是主句;從句中,formal learning是主語(yǔ),謂語(yǔ)是is transmitted,過(guò)去分詞selected作teachers的后置定語(yǔ),是不定式to perform this role作selected的目的狀語(yǔ);主句中,informal learning是主語(yǔ),謂語(yǔ)是is acquired,介詞短語(yǔ)as a natural part of a child's development作acquired的結果狀語(yǔ)。
[知識鏈接] while盡管,雖然;formal learning正式的學(xué)習過(guò)程;transmit傳遞;perform從事,執行;informal learning非正式的學(xué)習過(guò)程;acquire獲;development發(fā)展(這里活譯為“成長(cháng)”)。
3. While the roots of social psychology lie in the intellectual soil of the whole western civilization, its present flowering is recognized to be characteristically an American phenomenon。
[參考譯文] 雖然社會(huì )心理學(xué)根植于整個(gè)西方文明的知識土壤里,其今日的繁盛卻被認為是典型的美國現象。
[結構分析] 該句可拆分為兩部分:(While the roots of social psychology lie in the intellectual soil of the whole western civilization,) (its present flowering is recognized to be characteristically an American phenomenon. ),第一部分是以While引導的讓步狀語(yǔ)從句,第二部分是主句;從句中,主語(yǔ)是the roots,謂語(yǔ)是lie in,of social psychology是roots的后置定語(yǔ),the intellectual…western civilization是介詞in的賓語(yǔ),of the whole western civilization是soil 的后置定語(yǔ);主句的主語(yǔ)是its present flowering,其中的its指代前面的roots,謂語(yǔ)是is recognized,不定式to be...an American phenomenon作主語(yǔ)flowering的補足語(yǔ),考研英語(yǔ)《突破考研英語(yǔ)高分之剖析狀語(yǔ)從句》。
[知識鏈接] social psychology社會(huì )心理學(xué);1ie in存在于……;intellectual知識的,知識分子;civilization文明;flowering開(kāi)花(活譯為“繁盛”);be recognized to be..。被看作……;characteristically典型地。
4. While it is true that this competition may induce efforts to expand territory at the expense of others, and thus lead to conflict, it cannot be said that war-like conflict among other nations is inevitable, although competition is。
[參考譯文] 雖然這種競爭會(huì )引發(fā)以他人利益為代價(jià)的領(lǐng)土擴張行動(dòng),因此也會(huì )引發(fā)沖突,但卻不能認為類(lèi)似于戰爭的國家間的沖突不可避免,盡管競爭是不可避免的。
[結構分析] 該句可拆分為三大部分;(White it is true that this competition may induce efforts to expand territory at the expense of others, and thus lead to conflict, ) (it cannot be said that war-like conflict among other nations is inevitable,) (although competition is. ),第一部分是While引導的讓步狀語(yǔ)從句,第二部分是主句,第三部分是although引導的讓步狀語(yǔ)從句;第一部分的主語(yǔ)是山指代后面的that從句,實(shí)際上,While it is true that已形成固定結構,參見(jiàn)知識鏈接,that從句的主語(yǔ)是this competition,謂語(yǔ)是may induce,賓語(yǔ)是efforts,不定式to expand territory作efforts的后置定語(yǔ),at the expense of others作expand的狀語(yǔ);and之后的lead to是謂語(yǔ),與前面的`induce并列,conflict是賓語(yǔ);主句中的主語(yǔ)是it,指代后面的that從句,該從句的主語(yǔ)是conflict,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是is,表語(yǔ)是inevitable,復合形容詞war-like作conflict的定語(yǔ),among other nations作conflict的后置定語(yǔ);第三部分although從句的主語(yǔ)是competition,謂語(yǔ)是is,表語(yǔ)是inevitable,承前省略了。該句的第二部分,即主句運用了被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài),在翻譯時(shí)要譯為漢語(yǔ)的主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài),這是常用的一條原則,因為英文多被動(dòng),漢語(yǔ)多主動(dòng)。
[知識鏈接] while it is true that..。雖然……是(正確的);competition競爭;induce引發(fā),導致;territory領(lǐng)土;領(lǐng)地;at the expense of…以……為代價(jià);conflict沖突;war-like類(lèi)似于戰爭的;inevitable不可避免的。
5. While it is true that to date the Internet seems to be favoring the most developed sectors of the international community over the less developed, this need not always be the case。
[參考譯文] 盡管迄今為止互聯(lián)網(wǎng)似乎更加青睞國際社會(huì )中的發(fā)達領(lǐng)域,而非不太發(fā)達的領(lǐng)域,情形并不總是如此。
[結構分析] 該句可拆分為兩部分:(While it is true that to date the Internet seems to be favoring the most developed sectors of the international community over the less developed,) (this need not always be the case. ),第一部分是While引導的讓步狀語(yǔ)從句,第二部分是主句;從句中,it是形式主語(yǔ),指代后面的that從句,While it is true that已形成固定結構,參見(jiàn)知識鏈接,that從句主語(yǔ)是the Internet,謂語(yǔ)是seems,不定式to be..。作表語(yǔ),介詞短語(yǔ)over the less developed作favoring的狀語(yǔ);主句比較簡(jiǎn)單,主語(yǔ)是this,指代從句內容,謂語(yǔ)是need not always be,表語(yǔ)是the case。
[知識鏈接] while it is true that盡管,雖然;to date迄今;favor青睞,重視;sector部門(mén),領(lǐng)域;the international community國際社會(huì )。
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