公交車(chē)調度方案設計

公交車(chē)調度優(yōu)化模型設計
 
 
摘要  本文所要解決的是公交車(chē)調度的問(wèn)題，首先根據所具備的數據資料以及要求，考慮到乘客等車(chē)時(shí)間的限制，建立了1個(gè)線(xiàn)性模型，使所求得的調度方案更符合題目要求。然后，從乘客與公交公司的利益出發(fā)，設定1系列的指標，利用模糊評價(jià)的方法來(lái)對調度方案進(jìn)行綜合分析與評價(jià)。其次，把這個(gè)調度問(wèn)題抽象成為1個(gè)數學(xué)規劃模型，通過(guò)到本城市公交車(chē)站實(shí)地調查訪(fǎng)問(wèn)，得到運營(yíng)數據的采集方法。最后，利用計算機模擬的方法對模型進(jìn)行了檢驗，同時(shí)對模型的優(yōu)缺點(diǎn)進(jìn)行了分析，并提出改進(jìn)方向。在模型1中，對問(wèn)題1建立了求最大客容量、車(chē)次數、發(fā)車(chē)時(shí)間間隔等模型，運用決策方法給出了各時(shí)段最大客容量數，再與車(chē)輛最大客容量比較，得出載完該時(shí)組乘客的最少車(chē)次462次，從便于操作和發(fā)車(chē)密度考慮，給出了整分發(fā)車(chē)時(shí)刻表和需要的最少車(chē)輛數61輛。模型2建立模糊分析模型，結合層次分析求得模型1帶給公司和乘客雙方日滿(mǎn)意度為（0.941，0.811）；根據雙方滿(mǎn)意度范圍和程度，找出同時(shí)到達雙方最優(yōu)滿(mǎn)意度（0.8807，0.8807），且此時(shí)結果為474次50輛；從日共需車(chē)輛最少考慮，結果為484次45輛。對問(wèn)題2，交待了綜合效益目標模型及線(xiàn)性規劃法求解。對于問(wèn)題3，借助了查閱資料和搜集數據。

關(guān)鍵詞  公交調度；層次分析；滿(mǎn)意度。

Abstract This text wants to resolve of is data data and requests that bus adjust a degree problems, have according to first, in consideration of horary restrict in car in etc. in passenger, established a line model, make begged of adjust a project even meet the topic request.Then, hand over with  from the passenger the benefits of the company set out, setting up a series of index sign, making use of the method of the misty evaluation to make exchange a project proceed to synthesize the analysis and evaluate.The next in order, adjust an of thises degree the problem abstraction becomes a the piece learns to program the model, passing this city bus stop on-site inspection visit, being carried the camp data collects the method.Finally, made use of the method that calculator imitate to proceed the examination to the model, at the same time to the merit and shortcoming proceeding of the model analysis, and put forward to improve the direction.In model first, to problem 1 established to beg the biggest a capacity, car the number of times, hair car time partition etc. model, application decision the method gave the biggest a capacity in each time counts, comparing with biggest a capacity in vehicle again, getting a minimal car for carrying overly should hour a passenger a minimal vehicle for 462 times, from the easy to operation with hair car density considering, giving first wholely distributing the car schedule with needing count 61.Model two establish the misty analysis model, the combination level of structure analysis begs the model on bringing the company with both parties day in passenger approval is;(0.941,0.811)According to both parties approval scope with degree, find out to arrive the both parties superior approval(0.8807,0.8807) at the same time, and the this time result is 474 times 50;Need the vehicle totally from the day minimal consider, result is 484 times 45.To the problem 2, handed over to treat to synthesize performance target model and line programming methods beg the solution.For the problem 3, asked for help to check the data with collects data.

Keywords The hands over to adjust degree; Level of structure analysis;Approval.

1 前言
公共交通是城市交通的重要組成部分。做好公交車(chē)的調度，對于完善城市交通環(huán)境、改進(jìn)市民出行狀況、提高公交公司的經(jīng)濟和社會(huì )效益，都具有重要意義。下面考慮1條公交線(xiàn)路上公交車(chē)的調度問(wèn)題，其數據來(lái)自我國1座特大城市某條公交線(xiàn)路的客流調查和運營(yíng)資料。
該條公交線(xiàn)路上行方向共14個(gè)站，下行方向共13站，表1.1和表1.2給出的是典型的1個(gè)工作日兩個(gè)運行方向各站上下車(chē)的乘客數量統計。公交公司配給該線(xiàn)路同1型號的大客車(chē)，每輛標準載客100人，據統計客車(chē)在該線(xiàn)路上運行的平均速度為20公里每小時(shí)。運營(yíng)調度要求，乘客候車(chē)時(shí)間1般不要超過(guò)10分鐘，早高峰時(shí)1般不要超過(guò)5分鐘，車(chē)輛滿(mǎn)載率不應超過(guò)120%，1般也不要低于50%。
試根據這些資料和要求，為該線(xiàn)路設計1個(gè)便于操作的全天(工作日)的公交車(chē)調度方案，包括兩個(gè)起點(diǎn)站的發(fā)車(chē)時(shí)刻表；1共需要多少輛車(chē)；這個(gè)方案以怎樣的程度照顧到了乘客和公交公司雙方的利益等等。
如何將這個(gè)調度問(wèn)題抽象成1個(gè)明確、完整的數學(xué)模型，指出求解模型的方法；根據實(shí)際問(wèn)題的要求，如果要設計更好的調度方案，應如何采集運營(yíng)數據。

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