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иxиԇ (tng)f(shu)x(xi)IJпĵһҲ߷֔IJҪ뷽O@һֵķ֔СBиx——“ֱ”“”“”ϣ}
“ֱ”ԭt
^“ֱ”ָиx}˼·ֱ}ĿĴ𰸎ҵdz@Čc(din)@һc(din)Vڽ}r(sh)һҪԭă݁(li)}“С}”˞ذ}Ŀ̫stԼoԼ韩ÿϤļ}(li)f(shu)иx}Ľ}Ҫc(din)Ѓɂ(g)Ҫc(din)һǸ}P(gun)I~ԭĶλ𰸷;nj}ĿxcԭZ(y)_xԭZ(y)ͬxQڽ}r(sh)һҪxcԭZ(y)֮gĮͬҳcԭZ(y)˼ƵxҲҵ_
“”ԭt
^“”ָ}P(gun)I~ԭĶλ𰸷r(sh)һҪ҂֪ڽиx}r(sh)õĽ}}гFP(gun)I~ԭĶλ𰸷Ȼλăx_}ЩP(gun)I~(nj(zhun)~)ԭвֹFһһҪҳԭкԓP(gun)I~ľȻُxc}ҪӽľӁ(li)λ𰸷M(jn)x_ܶڛ](mi)ע@һc(din)¶λe`M(jn)c_ʧ֮(sh)Ƿdzϧ
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The question of ecosystem stability is complicated, however. The first problem is that ecologists do not all agree what “stability” means. Stability can be defined as simply lack of change. In that case, the climax community would be considered the most stable, since, by definition, it changes the least over time. Alternatively, stability can be defined as the speed with which an ecosystem returns to a particular form following a major disturbance, such as a fire. This kind of stability is also called resilience. In that case, climax communities would be the most fragile and the least stable, since they can require hundreds of years to return to the climax state. (TPO3“The Long-Term Stability of Ecosystems”ĵĶ)
6. According to paragraph 4, which of the following is true of climax communities?
A. They are more resilient than pioneer communities.
B. They can be considered both the most and the least stable communities.
C. They are stable because they recover quickly after major disturbances.
D. They are the most resilient communities because they change the least over time.
@}һ}}еP(gun)I~climax communities𰸷λԭĵĶλr(sh)ܕ(hu )ԓεľԒ(hu)“In that case, the climax community would be considered the most stable, since, by definition, it changes the least over time”JxC_(sh)ĵԒ(hu)(hu )l(f)Fclimax communityԓιF˲ֹһڶγFԓһԒ(hu)ʽҲǏ͔c}ɱһһԒ(hu)˼ǡǡcľԒ(hu)˼෴_λԭtԓԓεһԒ(hu)x}ĴxB
“”ԭt
^“”ָڻԭĶλ𰸷r(sh)ԓxǡ}P(gun)I~иxԇc(din)l(f)־_ضλ𰸷“”ԭtwwFׂ(g)棺
ڶλ}P(gun)I~һP(gun)I~(dng)~ڻԭĶλ𰸷r(sh)ͬr(sh)ö(g)P(gun)I~M(jn)жλԭа}ɽ^P(gun)I~IJпǴ;P(gun)I~ԭĶλr(sh)ɸԭгFc(din)̖(̖Bַ̖̖)(zhun)~@Щ^@ʾM(jn)x}ɵP(gun)I~Լ}ĿĴ𰸷ͳF@Щ@ʾϢı_;xֵĿc(din)(jng)cD^߉P(gun)ڶλ𰸷r(sh)ɸ@ЩҪĿc(din)(li)M(jn)о_λY@c(din)ֿ֜ʵҵ}OӋľٰ“ֱ”ԭtx
(sh)ݾ
ڽиx}Ŀr(sh)ԽY(li)ʹ“ֱ”(li)“ֱ”ȥ“”“”“”“”ԡиԇٷָϡxPractice Set 5 ĵ8}(li)vʹ@ԁ(li)}
Paragraph 5: In this newly emerging economic order, workers sometimes organized to protect their rights and traditional ways of life. Craft workers such as carpenters, printers, and tailors formed unions, and in 1834 individual unions came together in the National Trades’ Union. The labor movement gathered some momentum in the decade before the Panic of 1837, but in the depression that followed, labor’s strength collapsed. During hard times, few workers were willing to strike* or engage in collective action. And skilled craft workers, who spearheaded the union movement, did not feel a particularly strong bond with semiskilled factory workers and unskilled laborers. More than a decade of agitation did finally bring a workday shortened to 10 hours to most industries by the 1850’s, and the courts also recognized workers’ right to strike, but these gains had little immediate impact.
8. Which of the following statements about the labor movement of the 1800’s is supported by paragraph 5?
A. It was most successful during times of economic crisis.
B. Its primary purpose was to benefit unskilled laborers.
C. It was slow to improve conditions for workers.
D. It helped workers of all skill levels form a strong bond with each other.
ᘌ@һ}Ҫx}P(gun)I~ԭĶλ𰸷@ͬr(sh)Y“”“”@c(din)(li)λ“”x}еĔ1800’s鶨λP(gun)I~;1800’sһ(g)\yĕr(sh)gָ19o˿ڶλ𰸷r(sh)Ҫע“”ԭtP(gun)עԭĵ19oȵır(sh)g~ԭĵγF(g)19oȵĕr(sh)gc(din)——183418371850’s
}ĿĴ𰸷Ͱں@Щ~ľ_(ki)ʼڶо𰸷еľӺ}Ŀxx_ͨx(g)r(sh)g~(g)l(f)Fɂ(g)ӶDP(gun)ϵ~butv“”ԭtҪeP(gun)ע@ɂ(g)D~ľnjF@(g)D~ݵͬxQ(hu )עһ(g)butľ“these gains had little immediate impact”“\(dng)ȡõijɹʮ”Ȼ“ֱ”ԭt(hu )l(f)FxCеľnj@һԒ(hu)ͬxQ}_xC
@}Ľ}E(li)ֻҪxP(gun)I~ͻԭĶλr(sh)Գ“”“”“”“”ԭtx𰸵^(gu)ЈԳ“ֱ”(li)“ֱ”ȥ(chng)Ѹʴ_ؽиx}
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