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獨立主格與獨立成分的辨析
導語(yǔ)：獨立主格結構不是主謂完整的簡(jiǎn)單句，而只是一個(gè)短語(yǔ)，而獨立成分是與全句沒(méi)有語(yǔ)法關(guān)系的句子成分。下面由YJBYS小編告訴大家如何辨析獨立主格與獨立成分，歡迎參考!
1.當分詞已轉化為介詞或連詞，此時(shí)也無(wú)需考慮主謂一致的問(wèn)題。如：
considering/ given(that)…考慮到… supposing/provided/providing(that) 假設/使…，等等。
Supposing you are wrong, what will you do then?
假設你錯了，你接下來(lái)會(huì )做什么? ( supposing為連詞，也可用suppose)
Supposing it should rain, we would still go.
即使下雨，我們還是會(huì )去。(虛擬)
I’ll go fishing provided (that) it is fine tomorrow.
如果明天天氣好的話(huà)我就去釣魚(yú)。
Given their inexperience, they’ve done a good job.
考慮到他們沒(méi)有經(jīng)驗，這工作已做的很不錯了。(given為介詞，“考慮到”)
Considering that Frank did not have the potential to do the important work well, the boss fired him.鑒于弗蘭克沒(méi)有潛力把那件重要的工作做好，老板解雇了他。
2.有些固定短語(yǔ)是帶to的不定式，表明說(shuō)話(huà)人的立場(chǎng)或態(tài)度，在句中作獨立成分。
這些短語(yǔ)有：to be honest(老實(shí)說(shuō))，to be sure (確實(shí))， to be true (真的),
to tell (you) the truth (說(shuō)實(shí)話(huà))， to cut a long story short (長(cháng)話(huà)短說(shuō))，to be frank (with you) (坦率地說(shuō))，to make matters / things worse (更糟糕的是)，to begin with(首先),
to be exact(確切地說(shuō)), to do him justice (公平對待，盡量利用) 等等。
�、賂o tell you the truth, I made a mistake in the word spelling.
說(shuō)實(shí)話(huà)，我犯了一個(gè)拼寫(xiě)錯誤。
�、赥o tell the truth, the play was a great disappointment to me.
我對這個(gè)劇非常失望。
�、跿o make things worse, many of the men have gone off to cities in search of higher pay, leaving women from nearby villages to carry on with the work.
情況更糟的是，許多男人都去城市找工資較高的工作，而留下附近村莊的婦女來(lái)繼續承擔修復工作。
The car burns more fuel, but ___ all things into consideration, it’s still a good car.
A. taken B. having taken C. taking D. to take
答案解析：選D，獨立成分作狀語(yǔ)。
這輛汽車(chē)耗油量較大，但是綜合整體情況來(lái)看，它仍不失為一部好車(chē)。
有些分詞短語(yǔ)的形式是固定的，不受上下文影響，可以獨立存在，因此被稱(chēng)為獨立成分。它并不表示句子主語(yǔ)的動(dòng)作，而是表示說(shuō)話(huà)人的態(tài)度，它在句子中沒(méi)有邏輯上的主語(yǔ)，作為習慣用法或固定短語(yǔ)，用來(lái)修飾整個(gè)句子。
這些短語(yǔ)有：Generally speaking (總的說(shuō)來(lái))，Frankly/properly speaking (坦率/恰當地說(shuō))，Judging from/by (從……判斷)，Supposing (假設)，taking… into consideration(考慮到)等等。
�、� Generally speaking, the rule is very easy to understand.
�、� 總的說(shuō)來(lái)，這條規則很容易懂。
Generally speaking, the novel is not very interesting.
總的來(lái)說(shuō)，這本小說(shuō)不是很有趣。
�、� Generally speaking, girls are more careful than boys.
總的來(lái)說(shuō)，女生比男生更謹慎。
�、� Talking of travel, have you ever been to Beijing?
說(shuō)到旅游，你去過(guò)北京嗎?
�、躂udging from what he said, he must be an honest man.
由他所說(shuō)的來(lái)判斷，他一定是一個(gè)誠實(shí)的人。
�、軯udging from her face, she must be ill.
從她的臉色看，她一定生病了。
�、� Judging by her last letter, they are having a wonderful time.
�、� 從她上封信看,他們過(guò)的非�？�。
�、逿aking everything into consideration, you should leave.
考慮各種因素，你最好離開(kāi)。
例題:
____, he seems to be very nervous.
A. Judge from appearance B. Judges from appearance
C. Judged from appearance D. Judging from appearance
(答案解析：答案是D。Judging from…從什么中判斷，是一個(gè)固定短語(yǔ)。整句話(huà)的意思是：從他的外表來(lái)看，他似乎很緊張。)
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