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考研英語(yǔ)必須記住的閱讀真題經(jīng)典長(cháng)難句
閱讀命題常針對長(cháng)難句。所以很有必要熟悉長(cháng)難句的種類(lèi)以及它們各自的重點(diǎn)。下面是yjbys給出一些典型的句子，建議熟讀甚至背誦以做到考試時(shí)碰到類(lèi)似句子就能抓住重點(diǎn)。
考研英語(yǔ)必須記住的閱讀真題經(jīng)典長(cháng)難句 1
1、復合句
When a new movement in art attains a certain fashion, it is advisable to find out what its advocates are aiming at, for, however farfetched and unreasonable their principles may seem today, it is possible that in years to come they may be regarded as normal.
[結構分析]
本句的主干是it is advisable to find out... for... it is possible that...，句首的When引導一個(gè)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句，句中的for... it is possible... (至句末)是一個(gè)并列分句，表示原因，其中for后面的however +形容詞farfetched and unreasonable引導狀語(yǔ)從句，表示讓步。在主干it is advisable to find out... 中，it是形式主語(yǔ)，后面的不定式結構to find out what its advocates are aiming at是真正的主語(yǔ)。
[參考譯文]
當藝術(shù)上的一項新運動(dòng)達到一定流行程度時(shí)，最好先弄清該運動(dòng)倡導者的目的，因為，無(wú)論他們的創(chuàng )作原則在今天看來(lái)多么牽強、多么荒謬，在未來(lái)這些理論有可能會(huì )被視為正常的東西。
2、并列句
While talking to you, your could-be employer is deciding whether your education, your experience, and other qualifications will pay him to employ you and your “wares” and abilities must be displayed in an orderly and reasonably connected manner.
[結構分析]
這也是一個(gè)并列句，包含兩個(gè)分句。第一個(gè)分句的主干是your could-be employer is deciding whether...，其中whether引導一個(gè)賓語(yǔ)從句whether your education, your experience, and other qualifications will pay him to employ you;第二個(gè)分句的主干是your “wares” and abilities must be displayed...。注意：pay sb. to do sth.此處的意思是“做…對…有利”;“wares”的本義是“商品、貨物”，但在本文中，作者認為找工作就是推銷(xiāo)自己，所以結合本文的背景，wares的意思是“(求職者的)資歷或能力”。
[參考譯文]
與你談話(huà)時(shí)，可能成為你未來(lái)老板的人會(huì )考慮你所受的教育、你的經(jīng)歷和你的其他資歷是否在雇傭你以后會(huì )給他帶來(lái)好處。你的'“資歷”和能力必須有條不紊、合理連貫地展示出來(lái)。
3、定語(yǔ)從句
The change met the technical requirements of the new age by engaging a large professional element and prevented the decline in efficiency that so commonly spoiled the fortunes of family firms in the second and third generation after the energetic founders.
[結構分析]
本句是一個(gè)并列句，以and連接;第一個(gè)分句的主干是The change met the technical requirements...，后面的介詞結構by engaging a large professional element作狀語(yǔ)，說(shuō)明met the technical requirements of the new age的方式;第二個(gè)分句的主干是(the change) prevented the decline in efficiency，后面的that引導的定語(yǔ)從句修飾decline in efficiency。注意：engage此處的意思是“雇，聘”。
[參考譯文]
通過(guò)雇用大量的職業(yè)人才，這一變化滿(mǎn)足了新時(shí)代的技術(shù)要求，防止了效率下降——在過(guò)去，這種效率下降經(jīng)常使家族公司在充滿(mǎn)活力的創(chuàng )業(yè)者之后的第二代或第三代毀掉全部財產(chǎn)。
4、名詞性從句
Online culture thinks highly of the notion that the information flowing onto the screen comes there by specific request.
[結構分析]
本句的主干是Online culture thinks highly of the notion that...，其中notion后面的that引導一個(gè)同位語(yǔ)從句，說(shuō)明notion的具體內容;同位語(yǔ)從句的主干是the information...comes there...，其中flowing onto the screen作定語(yǔ)，修飾the information，句末的by specific request作狀語(yǔ)，修飾come there。
[參考譯文]
網(wǎng)絡(luò )文化非常推崇這樣一種理念：出現在用戶(hù)屏幕上的信息應該是根據用戶(hù)特定要求發(fā)送過(guò)來(lái)的。
5、狀語(yǔ)從句
Consumers seem only concerned, not panicked, and many say they remain optimistic about the economy’s long-term prospects, even as they do some modest belt tightening.
[結構分析]
本句是以and連接的并列句，其中第二個(gè)分句的主干是many say...，say后面的部分是賓語(yǔ)從句，其中還包含一個(gè)as引導的讓步狀語(yǔ)從句。
[參考譯文]
消費者們看上去只是有點(diǎn)擔心，而沒(méi)有恐慌，很多消費者說(shuō)盡管他們正在把開(kāi)支緊縮一點(diǎn)，但是他們對經(jīng)濟的長(cháng)期前景仍然保持樂(lè )觀(guān)。
6、特殊結構
(1)強調句
Perhaps it is humankind’s long suffering at the mercy of flood and drought that makes the ideal of forcing the waters to do our bidding so fascinating.
[結構分析]
這是一個(gè)強調句，基本結構是it is...suffering...that makes...so fascinating，被強調部分是humankind’s long suffering at the mercy of flood and drought，其中的中心詞是suffering，有兩個(gè)修飾成分：humankind’s long和at the mercy of flood and drought(受旱澇擺布)都做suffering的定語(yǔ)。suffering這個(gè)詞除了是被強調的部分外，還是后面that引導的從句的主語(yǔ);在that引導的從句中，ideal做賓語(yǔ)，帶有of引導的動(dòng)名詞短語(yǔ)forcing the waters to do our bidding(讓河水聽(tīng)我們吩咐)這個(gè)定語(yǔ);so fascinating做ideal的賓語(yǔ)補語(yǔ)，說(shuō)明ideal的特點(diǎn)。
[參考譯文]
也許正是因為人類(lèi)長(cháng)期以來(lái)遭受旱澇擺布的痛苦，才使他們制服洪水的理想顯得如此令人著(zhù)迷。
(2)倒裝結構
Nowhere do 1980 census statistics dramatize more the American search for spacious living than in the Far West.
[結構分析]
否定副詞nowhere放在句首，所以句子出現部分倒裝。注意：more 與否定詞nowhere一起使用，相當于最高級。dramatize此處的意思是“突出顯示，使…戲劇化”。
[參考譯文]
1980年美國的人口普查數據表明，沒(méi)有哪個(gè)地方比美國最西部更能突出顯示美國人想尋找更廣闊的生存空間。
(3)比較結構
Mr. McWhorter’s academic specialty is language history and change, and he sees the gradual disappearance of “whom”, for example, to be natural and no more regrettable than the loss of the case-endings of Old English.
[結構分析]
本句是一個(gè)并列句，包含兩個(gè)以and連接的分句，其中第二個(gè)分句比較復雜：賓語(yǔ)是the gradual disappearance of “whom”, for example，接著(zhù)是to be natural and no more regrettable，這一部分作上述賓語(yǔ)的補足語(yǔ)，最后是比較結構no more... than... (像…一樣不…)。
[參考譯文]
麥克沃特先生的學(xué)術(shù)專(zhuān)長(cháng)是語(yǔ)言史和語(yǔ)言變化。舉例來(lái)說(shuō)，他認為“whom”一詞的逐漸消失是很自然的，像古英中詞格結尾的消失一樣不令人惋惜。
(4)分隔結構
With regard to Futurist poetry, however, the case is rather difficult, for whatever Futurist poetry may be—even admitting that the theory on which it is based may be right—it can hardly be classed as Literature.
[結構分析]
本句的主干是the case is rather difficult, for... it can hardly be classed as Literature，前面的however表示本句與前一句形成對比，句首的介詞結構With regard to Futurist poetry作狀語(yǔ)，其中with regard to的意思是“關(guān)于…”; for... it can hardly be classed as Literature是一個(gè)并列分句，表示原因，主干是it can hardly be classed as Literature; for后面的從句whatever Futurist poetry may be表示讓步，作狀語(yǔ);破折號之間的部分even admitting that... 也是讓步狀語(yǔ)，其中that 引導一個(gè)賓語(yǔ)從句that the theory... may be right，而從句的主語(yǔ)theory后又帶有定語(yǔ)從句on which it is based。
[參考譯文]
然而就未來(lái)主義詩(shī)歌而言，情況就很難說(shuō)了，因為不管未來(lái)主義詩(shī)歌是什么——即使承認其理論基礎是正確的——也很難將其歸為文學(xué)。
考研英語(yǔ)必須記住的閱讀真題經(jīng)典長(cháng)難句 2
1.The American economic system is organized around a basically private-enterprise, market-oriented economy in which consumers largely determine what shall be produced by spending their money in the marketplace for those goods and services that they want most.
翻譯：美國的經(jīng)濟是以基本的私有企業(yè)和市場(chǎng)導向經(jīng)濟為架構的，在這種經(jīng)濟中，消費者很大程度上通過(guò)在市場(chǎng)上為那些他們最想要的貨品和服務(wù)付費來(lái)決定什么應該被制造出來(lái)。
2.Thus, in the American economic system it is the demand of individual consumers, coupled with the desire of businessmen to maximize profits and the desire of individuals to maximize their incomes, that together determine what shall be produced and how resources are used to produce it.
翻譯：因此，在美國的經(jīng)濟體系中，個(gè)體消費者的需求與商人試圖最大化其利潤的欲望和個(gè)人想最大化其收入效用的欲望相結合，一起決定了什么應該被制造，以及資源如何被用來(lái)制造它們。
3.If, on the other hand, producing more of a commodity results in reducing its cost, this will tend to increase the supply offered by seller-producers, which in turn will lower the price and permit more consumers to buy the product.
翻譯：另一方面，如果大量制造某種商品導致其成本下降，那么這就有可能增加賣(mài)方和制造商能提供的供給，而這也就會(huì )反過(guò)來(lái)降低價(jià)格并允許更多的消費者購買(mǎi)產(chǎn)品。
4.In the American economy, the concept of private property embraces not only the ownership of productive resources but also certain rights, including the right to determine the price of a product or to make a free contract with another private individual.
翻譯：在美國經(jīng)濟中，私有財產(chǎn)的`概念不僅包含對生產(chǎn)資源的所有權，也指其他一些特定的權利，如確定一個(gè)產(chǎn)品價(jià)格和與另一個(gè)私人個(gè)體（經(jīng)濟單位）自由簽定合同的權利。
5.At the same time these computers record which hours are busiest and which employers are the most efficient, allowing personnel and staffing assignments to be made accordingly. And they also identify preferred customers for promotional campaigns.
翻譯：同時(shí)這些計算機記錄下哪些時(shí)間是最忙的，哪些員工工作效率最高，這樣就能相應地做出人員人事安排。而且它們（計算機）也能為促銷(xiāo)活動(dòng)找到那些擁有優(yōu)先權的顧客。
6.Numerous other commercial enterprises, from theaters to magazine publishers, from gas and electric utilities to milk processors, bring better and more efficient services to consumers through the use of computers.
翻譯：不計其數的其他商業(yè)企業(yè)，從劇院到雜志出版商，從公用燃氣電力設施到牛奶處理廠(chǎng)，都通過(guò)計算機的使用給消費者帶來(lái)更好、更有效率的服務(wù)。
7.Exceptional children are different in some significant way from others of the same age For these children to develop to their full adult potential, their education must be adapted to those differences.
翻譯：殘疾兒童在許多關(guān)鍵方面都與其同齡人不同。為了讓這些孩子發(fā)展其全部的成人后的潛能，他們的教育必須適應這些不同。
8.The great interest in exceptional children shown in public education over the past three decades indicates the strong feeling in our society that all citizens, whatever their special conditions, deserve the opportunity to fully develop their capabilities.
翻譯：在過(guò)去的30年中，公共教育中顯示的對殘疾兒童的巨大關(guān)注表明了我們社會(huì )中的一種中強烈的情緒，那就是所有的公民，不管其情況有多特殊，都應享有充分發(fā)展其能力的機會(huì )。
9.It serves directly to assist a rapid distribution of goods at reasonable price, thereby establishing a firm home market and so making it possible to provide for export at competitive prices.
翻譯：它（廣告）能夠直接幫助貨物以比較合理的價(jià)格被迅速分銷(xiāo)出去，因此可以（使公司）建立一個(gè)堅固的國內市場(chǎng)，同時(shí)也使以具有競爭力的價(jià)格提供出口變得可能。
10.Apart from the fact that twenty-seven acts of Parliament govern the terms of advertising, no regular advertiser dare promote a product that fails to live up to the promise of his advertisements.
翻譯：除去議會(huì )有27件法案來(lái)規范廣告的條件，沒(méi)有任何一個(gè)正式的廣告商敢于推銷(xiāo)一種商品卻不能兌現其在廣告中的承諾。
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