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英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法名詞性從句
引導這些名詞性從句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞包括:
從屬連詞that, if, whether;
連接代詞who, whoever, whom, whomever, which, whichever, what, whatever, whose;
連接副詞where, when, why, how。
其中, 從屬連詞只起連接作用, 在從句中不充當任何句法成分,而連接代詞和連接副詞既起連接作用, 在從句中又充當一定的成分.
That Owen should have married his cousin is not at all surprising. (主語(yǔ)從句)
The fact is that he didn’t go to the dinner party. (表語(yǔ)從句)
I don’t know if he will attend the meeting. (賓語(yǔ)從句)
Have you heard the news that Mary is going to marry Tom? (同位語(yǔ)從句)
你聽(tīng)說(shuō)瑪麗要和湯姆結婚的消息了嗎?(that引導同位語(yǔ)從句)
[提示]
在含有主語(yǔ)從句的復合句中, 為保持句子平衡, 常用it作形式主語(yǔ),而將真正的主語(yǔ)從句置于句末.
It’s well-known that water is indispensable to life.(形式主語(yǔ))
2. 為保持句子平衡, that引導的賓語(yǔ)從句也常用it代替, 而將真正的賓語(yǔ)從句置于主句句末。這常常出現在主句有形容詞或分詞作賓語(yǔ)補足語(yǔ)的情況下。
He made it quite clear that he preferred to live here.
3. 從屬連詞whether和if都作“是否…”解, 但if不可引導主語(yǔ)從句和表語(yǔ)從句。whether可與or(not)連用, 而if不可以。
I don’t know whether (if) she is at home. Whether she comes or not makes no difference.
4. that和what引導名詞性從句的區別: that在從句中不充當成分,而what在從句中充當一定的成分, 如主語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)等。that可省略, what則不可省。
He always means what he says. She suggested (that) he do it at once.
5. 同位語(yǔ)從句大多由從屬連詞that引導, 常跟在下列名詞后面, 如fact, idea, opinion, news, hope, belief等, that不可省。同位語(yǔ)從句一般用來(lái)解釋說(shuō)明這些名詞的具體含義和內容。
We are familiar with the idea that all matter consists of atoms.
The news that we are invited to the conference is very encouraging.
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