大學(xué)英語(yǔ)四級寫(xiě)作常見(jiàn)結構性錯誤

　　大學(xué)英語(yǔ)四級寫(xiě)作常見(jiàn)結構性錯誤：使用修飾語(yǔ)時(shí)，要注意它們同主語(yǔ)的呼應，不可使其無(wú)所依附，或錯誤依附，從而造成懸垂修飾�？梢酝ㄟ^(guò)兩種方式對含有懸垂修飾語(yǔ)的句子進(jìn)行修改：修改主語(yǔ)，使主句主語(yǔ)等同于修飾語(yǔ)的邏輯主語(yǔ);或者修改修飾語(yǔ)，把修飾語(yǔ)變成一個(gè)從句。

　　一、成分缺失

　　英語(yǔ)句子中有六個(gè)基本句式：

　　(1)S+V主謂結構

　　(2)S+V+O主謂賓結構

　　(3)S+V+P主謂表結構

　　(4)S+V+O1+O2主謂雙賓語(yǔ)結構

　　(5)S+V+O+C主謂賓補結構

　　(6)There be結構

　　原句：At present，it is very common that marriage across the nations

　　修正：At present，it is very common to find marriage across the nations.

　　原句：If they from different countries，they will have different living habits.

　　修正：If they are from different countries，they will have different living habits.

　　原句：If continue，there is no room and no resources left for more people in the future.

　　修正：If this continues，there is no room and no resources left for more people in the future.

　　二、懸垂修飾錯誤

　　修飾語(yǔ)的作用是描述其他的詞，從而起到修飾、限定、強調或解釋的作用。因此，修飾語(yǔ)與它們所描述的詞之間關(guān)系緊密，這種關(guān)系對于考生來(lái)說(shuō)十分清楚;當修飾語(yǔ)和句子中其他詞之間的關(guān)系不是特別清楚時(shí)，這種修飾語(yǔ)被稱(chēng)之為懸垂修飾。當用分詞、不定式、介詞短語(yǔ)、動(dòng)名詞或省略句作修飾語(yǔ)時(shí)，考生受漢語(yǔ)影響，其作文中常會(huì )出現懸垂現象。使用時(shí)，要注意它們同主語(yǔ)的呼應，不可使其無(wú)所依附，或錯誤依附，從而造成懸垂修飾�？梢酝ㄟ^(guò)兩種方式對含有懸垂修飾語(yǔ)的句子進(jìn)行修改：

　�、� 修改主語(yǔ)，使主句主語(yǔ)等同于修飾語(yǔ)的邏輯主語(yǔ);

　�、� 修改修飾語(yǔ)，把修飾語(yǔ)變成一個(gè)從句。

　　原句：To finish the work in time，the machine is kept running all the time.

　　修正：To finish the work in time，we kept the machine running all the time.

　　原句：Looking out of the window，the grassland stretch as far as the eye can reach.

　　修正：Looking out of the window，I can see the grassland stretch as far as the eye can reach.

　　原句：Having heard the terrible news，his heart beat fast.

　　修正：When he heard the terrible news，his heart beat fast.

　　原句：At the age of ten，my grandmother died.

　　修正：When I was at ten，my grandmother died.

　　原句：To get ready for the trip，all the things she needed were put into a suitcase.

　　修正：To get ready for the trip，she put all the things she needed into a suitcase.

　　三、一致性錯誤

　　英語(yǔ)句子的一致性包括主謂一致，人稱(chēng)、時(shí)態(tài)、語(yǔ)態(tài)和數等的一致，以及句子成分前后的語(yǔ)法和邏輯性的一致。

　　原句：“Six chairs” are not correct here.

　　修正：“Six chairs” is not correct here.(如果主語(yǔ)為引語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用單數。)

　　原句：Politics are more difficult than physics.

　　修正：Politics is more difficult than physics.

　　原句：Whether or not we'll go to Beijing have not been decided yet.

　　修正：Whether or not we'll go to Beijing has not been decided yet.

　　原句：Sometimes the wealthy also needs help.

　　修正：Sometimes the wealthy also need help.

　　原句：When I was in high school，you never knew what to expect.

　　修正：When I was in high school，I never knew what to expect.

　　原句：I was extremely sorry you are injured.

　　修正：I am extremely sorry you are injured.

　　原句：In high school we worked more as a group than as an individual.

　　修正：In high school we worked more as groups than as individuals.

　　原句：His job was a policeman.

　　修正：He was a policeman.

　　四、并列結構誤用

　　原句：Before I selected the new course，my teacher warned me of the difficulty of the course and of its length.

　　修正：Before I selected the new course，my teacher warned me how difficult the course was and how long it lasted.

　　原句：We asked the store manager to show us a gift that was inexpensive，useful and looked nice.

　　修正：We asked the store manager to show us a gift that was inexpensive，useful and nice looking.

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