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大學(xué)英語(yǔ)四級語(yǔ)法精要:時(shí)態(tài)，語(yǔ)態(tài)，短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞
時(shí)態(tài)
1)現在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài) (have/has been + -ing 分詞構成): 動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)從過(guò)去某時(shí)開(kāi)始,繼續到現在,可能繼續下去,也可能剛剛結束.
I’ve been writing letters for an hour.
I’ve been sitting in the garden.
2)過(guò)去完成進(jìn)行時(shí)(由had been + ing分詞構成): 過(guò)去某個(gè)時(shí)刻以前一直在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作
I’d been working for some time when he called.
We had been waiting for her for two hours by the time she came.
3)將來(lái)完成進(jìn)行時(shí): 將來(lái)某個(gè)時(shí)刻以前一直在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作.
By next summer, he will have been working here for twenty years.
In another month’s time she’ll have been studying here for three years.
4)將來(lái)完成時(shí)(由shall/will have + 過(guò)去分詞構成): 將來(lái)某時(shí)會(huì )業(yè)已發(fā)生的事.
I shall have finished this one before lunch.
They’ll have hit the year’s target by the end of October.
語(yǔ)態(tài)
1) 可以有兩種被動(dòng)結構的類(lèi)型,例如:
He was said to be jealous of her success.
It was said that he was jealous of her success.
能同時(shí)適用于上述兩個(gè)句型的主動(dòng)詞通常都是表示“估計”,“相信”等意義的動(dòng)詞,常見(jiàn)的有assume,believe,expect,fear,feel,know,presume,report,say,suppose,understand等.
It is supposed that the ship has been sunk.
The ship is supposed to have been sunk.
擔當be supposed to 與不定式的一般形式搭配時(shí)往往表示不同的意義.例如:
Why are you driving so fast in this area? You are supposed to know the speed to know the speed limit. (你應該曉得速度限制)
2) 雙賓語(yǔ)及賓補結構的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)
a) 雙賓語(yǔ)結構的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài): 雙賓語(yǔ)結構變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí),可以把主動(dòng)結構中的一個(gè)賓語(yǔ)變?yōu)橹髡Z(yǔ),另一個(gè)賓語(yǔ)仍然保留在謂語(yǔ)后面,但多數是把間接賓語(yǔ)變?yōu)橹髡Z(yǔ).
He was asked a number of questions at the press conference.
Two days were allowed them for making the necessary preparations.
b) 賓補結構的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài):
She was called Big Sister by everybody.
Then he was made a squad leader.
He was considered quite qualified for the job.
The room was always kept clean and tidy.
短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞
1) Vi + adv
The plane took off two hours late.
2) Vi + prep
They looked round the Cathedral.
3) Vi + prep (有被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài))
She’s looking after her sister’s children.
The children were always well looked after.
4) Vi + adv + prep
I began to look forward to their visits.
5) Vt + O + adv
Some women choose to stay at home and bring up their children.
The children were brought up by their mother.
They took him on.
6) Vt + adv + O (無(wú)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài))
I am trying to give up smoking.
7) Vt + O + prep
We talked Donald into agreement.
【大學(xué)英語(yǔ)四級語(yǔ)法精要:時(shí)態(tài)，語(yǔ)態(tài)，短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞】相關(guān)文章：
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