大學(xué)英語(yǔ)四級常用語(yǔ)法大全
大學(xué)英語(yǔ)四級考試(CET-4)是中國大學(xué)生英語(yǔ)水平的重要測試，其中語(yǔ)法部分雖然不會(huì )單獨成題，但卻貫穿于整個(gè)考試之中。以下是小編整理的大學(xué)英語(yǔ)四級常用語(yǔ)法大全，歡迎閱讀。
大學(xué)英語(yǔ)四級語(yǔ)法 1
too…to 結構通常表示否定意義:
She was too young to understand all that.
enough…to結構則表示肯定意義:
She was not old enough to understand all that.
not too, but too, all too, only too等和不定式連用時(shí),不定式一般不表示否定意義:
Hes only too pleased to help her.
so…as (to)這種結構也可用不定式作狀語(yǔ):
Be so kind as to drop in some time when you are free.
如果要說(shuō)明不定式表示的動(dòng)作是誰(shuí)做的, 可以在不定式前加一個(gè)for引起的短語(yǔ):
It is not hard for one to do a bit of good.
It is a great honour for us to be present at this rally.
在以某些形容詞(如 kind, good, nice, wise, unwise,clever, silly, wrong, right, foolish, stupid, careless, considerate, rude, naughty, impolite等)作表語(yǔ)時(shí), 不定式前可加一個(gè)of引起的短語(yǔ), 來(lái)說(shuō)明不定式指的是誰(shuí)的情況:
Its kind of you to think so much of us.
(It is) Awfully good of you to come and meet us.
Its very nice of you to be so considerate.
Its unwise of them to turn down the proposal.
V+ing形式(現在分詞及動(dòng)名詞)
形式
完成式: 如果要表示動(dòng)名詞代表的動(dòng)作在謂語(yǔ)所表示的動(dòng)作之前發(fā)生, 通常用動(dòng)名詞的完成形式.
He didnt mention having met me.
I regret not having taken her advice.
在某些動(dòng)詞后(或成語(yǔ)中), 常用(或可以用)動(dòng)名詞的一般形式, 盡管動(dòng)作是在謂語(yǔ)所表示的動(dòng)作之前發(fā)生的
Excuse me for coming late.
I dont remember ever seeing him anywhere.
現在分詞的完成式主要用在狀語(yǔ)中, 表示這動(dòng)作在謂語(yǔ)所表示的動(dòng)作之前發(fā)生.
Having been there many times, he offered to be our guide.
Having found the cause, they were able to propose a remedy.
另外, 獨立結構也可用現在分詞的完成形式.
The guests having left, they resumed their discussion.
The children, having eating their fill, were allowed to leave the table.
被動(dòng)式: 當一個(gè)動(dòng)名詞邏輯上的'主語(yǔ)所表示的是這動(dòng)作的對象時(shí), 動(dòng)名詞一般要用被動(dòng)形式.
His being neglected by the host added to his uneasiness.
He couldnt bear being made fun of like that.
但要注意, 在want, need, deserve, require 等動(dòng)詞后, 盡管表示的是被動(dòng)的意思, 卻用動(dòng)名詞的主動(dòng)形式.
My pen needs filling.
The point deserves mentioning.
This problem requires studying with great care.
在worth這個(gè)形容詞后情形也是這樣.
Her method is worth trying.
2016年大學(xué)英語(yǔ)四級語(yǔ)法指導(4)
1. The children went there to watch the iron tower _D_.
A to erect B be erected C erecting D being erected
watch 看電視用，看比賽用; see 看電影用;
感官動(dòng)詞watch， see， hear; 感官動(dòng)詞 + 名詞(代詞)+ do
be erected 強調的是動(dòng)作的結果; being erected 強調的是動(dòng)作的過(guò)程。
2. The engine _D_ smoke and steam.
A gives up B gives in C gives away D gives off
give up 放棄; give in 屈服，讓步; give off 釋放，放出(煙和氣體);
give away 泄露，走漏風(fēng)聲;婚禮中新郎的父親把新娘的手交給新郎的過(guò)程;贈送禮品。
3. The manager promised to keep me _C_ of how our business was going on.
A to be informed B on informing C informed D informing
keep sb. + 分詞; inform v. 通知，告知; inform sb. of sth. 通知某人某件事情
keep me informed 使我被告知。
4. The goals _B_ he had fought all his life no longer seemed important to him.
A after which B for which C with which D at which
fight with sb. (注意要看整個(gè)句子); fight with + 工具 用該工具來(lái)打仗。 fight for 為…而戰。
I fight with him. 我和他打起來(lái)了。 I fight with him against her. 我和他并肩對付她。
5. They _C_ in spite of the extremely difficult conditions.
A carried out B carried off C carried on D carried forward
in spite of 盡管; carry on 堅持，繼續。
6. I should like to rent a house， modern， comfortable and _B_ in a quiet neighborhood.
A all in all B above all C after all D over all
all in all 總而言之;above all 首先，尤其是;after all 畢竟，終究;overall 全面的，總體的
in a word 總之，in short 簡(jiǎn)而言之，in conclusion 最后，總之，to sum up總之，總而言之。
7. _B_ we have finished the course， we shall start doing more revision work.
A For now B Now that C Ever since D By now
now that 既然，由于(相當于since); ever since 自從…以來(lái)。
與that搭配且后面可以加句子的幾個(gè)表達形式：
now that 既然，由于; in that 因為; except that 除…之外。
except后面加名詞或代詞;except that后面加句子。
8. What you have done is _D_ the doctor’s orders.
A attached to B responsible to C resistant to D contrary to
be attached to 連接，附屬; This school is attached to Beida. 這所學(xué)校附屬于北大。
responsible to 對…負有責任; resistant adj. 反抗的，抵抗的; water resistant 防水的。
be contrary to 與。相反(相違背)。
9. John regretted _A_ to the meeting last week.
A not going B not to go C not having been going D not to be going
regret doing 后悔做過(guò)某事; regret to do sth. 遺憾的做某事(應用語(yǔ)境非常有限)。
10. We regret to inform you that the materials you ordered are _B_.
A out of work B out of stock C out of reach D out of practice
out of work 失業(yè); out of reach 夠不著(zhù) within reach 夠得著(zhù); out of practice 缺乏練習。
大學(xué)英語(yǔ)四級語(yǔ)法 2
(1) 改變時(shí)態(tài)
The bell is ringing now. (一般)
There goes the bell! (高級)
(2) 改變語(yǔ)態(tài)
People suggests that the meeting be put off. (一般)
It is suggested that the meeting be put off. (高級)
(3 )使用過(guò)去分詞
Lisa walked out of the room and many guys followed her. (一般)
Followed by many guys, Lisa walked out of the lab. (高級)
(4) 使用v-ing 形式
When she arrives, please give me a call. (一般)
On her arriving, please give me a call. (高級)
(5) 使用不定式
He is so kind that he can do me a favor. (一般)
He is so kind as to do me a favor. (高級)
(6) 使用虛擬語(yǔ)氣
The patient didn’t die because there were the efforts of the doctor. (一般)
But for the efforts of the doctor, the patient would have died. (高級)
(7) 使用強調句型
I was born in 1987. (一般)
It was in 1987 that I was born. (高級)
(8) 使用倒裝
Though I’m sick, I’ll carry on. (一般)
Sick as I am, I’ll carry on. (高級)
(9) 使用并列句
If you go through the gate, you’ll find me. (一般)
Go through the gate, and you’ll find me. (高級)
(10) 使用名詞性從句
She happened to have met him. (一般)
It happened that she had met him. (高級)
(11) 使用定語(yǔ)從句
The girl is spoken highly of. Her homework was well done. (一般)
The girl whose homework was well done is spoken highly of. (高級)
(12) 使用狀語(yǔ)從句
I won’t believe what he says. (一般)
No matter what he says, I won’t believe. (高級)
大學(xué)英語(yǔ)四級語(yǔ)法 3
I 定語(yǔ)從句
1.先行詞為all， anything， something， nothing， everything， much， little， none等不定代詞時(shí)，關(guān)系代詞一般只用that，不用which。在大多數情況下that可以省略.
Please tell me everything (that) you know about the matter.
That’s all (that) we can do at the moment.
2.as引出的限制性定語(yǔ)從句
在such … as的結構中as可作關(guān)系代詞，引出限制性定語(yǔ)從句。有時(shí)和same連用，在從句中可作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)或表語(yǔ)等。
Such people as were recommended by him were reliable.
I’ve never seen such a talented young man as he is.
I have the same trouble as you (have)。
3.as引出的非限制性定語(yǔ)從句
as可作關(guān)系代詞引出非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，代替整個(gè)主句，通常譯為“(正)如…一樣”，“(正)象…一樣”等。as引導的從句一般用逗號與主句隔開(kāi)，可以位于主句的前面、中間或后面.
I live a long way from work， as you know.
She did not， as her friend had feared， break down.
As is generally accepted， economic growth is determined by the smooth development of production.
4.分隔式定語(yǔ)從句
定語(yǔ)從句一般緊跟在先行詞之后，但有時(shí)會(huì )被其他句子成分與先行詞隔開(kāi)，從而構成分隔式定語(yǔ)從句。
The days are gone when power politics worked.
A new teacher will come tomorrow who will teach you French.
5.介詞+關(guān)系代詞(which/whom等)引出的定語(yǔ)從句
如果關(guān)系代詞(which/whom等)在定語(yǔ)從句中作介詞的賓語(yǔ)，那么這個(gè)介詞可以提到從句前，構成“介詞+關(guān)系代詞(which/whom等)+定語(yǔ)從句”。在這種結構中關(guān)系代詞不可以用that。
This is a subject about which we might argue for a long while.
The four travelers with whom I shared the room were pleasant people.
6.關(guān)系代詞在限制性定語(yǔ)從句中�？梢允÷�，一般有以下幾種情況：
1) 關(guān)系代詞在從句中作直接賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，在大多數情況下可以省略。
This is something (that) you must always keep in mind.
The man (whom) you just met is our manager.
關(guān)系代詞作介詞賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，介詞位于句尾時(shí)關(guān)系代詞可以省略;介詞位于關(guān)系代詞之前時(shí)則關(guān)系代詞不能省略。
This is the room (which) Churchill was born in.
This is the room in which Churchill was born.(which不可省略)
2) 關(guān)系代詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)一般不能省略，但如果關(guān)系代詞在由there … be存在句構成的定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)時(shí)�？墒÷�。
This is the only book (that) there is on this subject.
The old professor made full use of the time (that) there was left to him to continue his research.
3) 在way后面的定語(yǔ)從句中in which或that通常省略。
That’s the way (that/in which) I look at it.
I don’t like the way (that/in which) you laugh at her.
7.非限制性定語(yǔ)從句
非限制性定語(yǔ)從句修飾先行詞或整個(gè)主句，起補充說(shuō)明的作用，如果省略掉，原句句意仍保持完整。非限制性定語(yǔ)從句要用逗號與主句隔開(kāi)，其引導詞不能用that。非限制性定語(yǔ)從句屬于正式語(yǔ)體。經(jīng)�？嫉降姆窍拗菩远ㄕZ(yǔ)從句有以下三種。
1)由which、as引導的非限制性定語(yǔ)從句。which、as代表整個(gè)主句。
He said that he had never seen her before， which was not true.
China is still a developing country， which is known to all of us.
2)由 “介詞+關(guān)系代詞”引導的非限制性定語(yǔ)從句。
He sent her a letter， in which he said that he was sorry for what he had done to her.
He failed to pass the exam， because of which his parents scolded him.
4) 由 “數詞、代詞或名詞+of +關(guān)系代詞”引導的非限制性定語(yǔ)從句。
He had three sons， one of whom was my son’s classmate.
There are about twenty students in this course， most of whom are freshmen.
They are two different words， the spellings of which are easily confused.
�、� 狀語(yǔ)從句
狀語(yǔ)從句中以下四種從句考得較多，這里給予簡(jiǎn)單介紹。
1) 時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句
時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句主要由以下連詞引導：when， whenever， as， while， since， until， till， before， after， as soon as， once， hardly (scarcely) … when， no sooner … than。
I will discuss the matter with you when we meet tomorrow.
He didn’t go to sleep until he finished doing his homework.
You have changed a lot since we met last time.
時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句還可由某些可充當連詞的名詞(the moment， the instant， every time，等)和副詞(instantly， directly等)引導：
I will tell you the news the instant I know.
Directly the teacher came in everyone was quiet.
Note：
�、賐efore除了可表示 “在…之前”外，還可用來(lái)強調主句所表達的時(shí)間、距離很長(cháng)或花費的力量相比較大，可譯為“…才”。(“not … before” 可用來(lái)強調主句所表達的時(shí)間、距離很短或花費的力量相比較小，可譯為“…就”)。
It was a long time before I got to sleep again.
They had not been married a month before they quarreled.
�、谌绻挥趙hen引導的分句之前的主句使用過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)、過(guò)去完成時(shí)或“was/were about to， was/were on the point of”等結構時(shí)，when表示突然發(fā)生某事，可譯為“正在…突然”或“剛…就”等。這時(shí)，不能夠用as或while來(lái)代替when。
I was walking on the street when I ran into my old friend John.
She had just fallen asleep when the telephone rang.
We were about to leave when it began to rain.
2) 條件狀語(yǔ)從句
條件狀語(yǔ)從句主要由以下連詞引導：if， unless， providing/provided (that)， suppose/supposing (that)， on condition (that)， as/so long as， in case等。
So long as you work hard， you will surely achieve good results in examinations.
I shall return next Thursday unless something unexpected happens.
I will go provided that you go with me.
Please give this letter to John in case he comes.
3) 讓步狀語(yǔ)從句
讓步狀語(yǔ)從句主要由以下連詞引導：though， although， even if， even though， whatever， however， whoever， wherever， no matter how/ what/ where/ when等。以下介紹幾種較特殊的讓步狀語(yǔ)從句。
(1)while引導的讓步狀語(yǔ)從句多放在句首，while相當于although，表示“盡管”，“雖然”。
While I admit I did it， I didn’t intend to.
While I understand what you say， I can’t agree with you.
(2)短語(yǔ)“even now/then/so”相當于“though it is/was true”，表示“盡管如此”，“盡管這樣”。
The fire was out， but even so， the smell of smoke was strong.
I’ve tried my best， but even now/then she is not satisfied.
(3) as引導的.讓步狀語(yǔ)從句要倒裝。
Child as he was， he could speak four languages.
Hard as she tried， she failed to get the job.
4) 比較狀語(yǔ)從句
比較狀語(yǔ)從句主要由以下連詞引導：(not) as … as， (not) the same as， (not) such … as， not so … as， than， the + 比較級…， the +比較級…等。
We have had a lot more rainfall this year than we had last year.
She can speak English as fluently as her teacher (can)。
�、� 賓語(yǔ)從句
1) 及物動(dòng)詞后的賓語(yǔ)從句
有些動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ)從句前還可有一個(gè)間接賓語(yǔ)。
I remember that we have learned this word before.
I don’t understand what you have said.
She asked the teacher how she could learn English well.
2) 介詞的賓語(yǔ)從句
It depends on whether you want to do it or not
There is disagreement among economists about what money is and how money is measured.
Note： 在介詞in后面跟that引導的賓語(yǔ)從句中，in that可看成是一個(gè)固定的搭配，表示“因為”或“在…方面”。
The evidence is invalid in that it was obtained through illegal means.
A turtle differs from all other reptiles in that it has its body encased in a protective shell of its own.
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