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2017年考研英語(yǔ)知識運用部分訓練試題及答案解析
學(xué)術(shù)型研究生的培養目標是高層次學(xué)術(shù)研究型專(zhuān)門(mén)人才，考研英語(yǔ)(一)是所有學(xué)術(shù)型碩士研究生和部分專(zhuān)業(yè)型碩士必考的科目。下面是小編整理的考研英語(yǔ)(一)英語(yǔ)知識運用部分的練習試題，希望能幫到大家!
英語(yǔ)知識運用訓練試題【一】
Directions:
Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)
Though not biologically related, friends are as “related” as fourth cousins, sharing about 1% of genes. That is _(1)_a study, published from the University of California and Yale University in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, has__(2)_.
The study is a genome-wide analysis conducted _(3)__1,932 unique subjects which __(4)__pairs of unrelated friends and unrelated strangers. The same people were used in both_(5)_.
While 1% may seem_(6)_,it is not so to a geneticist. As James Fowler, professor of medical genetics at UC San Diego, says, “Most people do not even _(7)_their fourth cousins but somehow manage to select as friends the people who_(8)_our kin.”
The study_(9)_found that the genes for smell were something shared in friends but not genes for immunity .Why this similarity exists in smell genes is difficult to explain, for now,_(10)_,as the team suggests, it draws us to similar environments but there is more_(11)_it. There could be many mechanisms working together that _(12)_us in choosing genetically similar friends_(13)_”functional Kinship” of being friends with_(14)_!
One of the remarkable findings of the study was the similar genes seem to be evolution_(15)_than other genes Studying this could help_(16)_why human evolution picked pace in the last 30,000 years, with social environment being a major_(17)_factor.
The findings do not simply explain people’s_(18)_to befriend those of similar_(19)_backgrounds, say the researchers. Though all the subjects were drawn from a population of European extraction, care was taken to_(20)_that all subjects, friends and strangers, were taken from the same population.
1. [A] when [B] why [C] how [D] what
【答案】[D] what
【解析】該題考查的是語(yǔ)法知識。根據句子結構和選項的特點(diǎn)，可以判斷出空格處應填從屬連詞引導從句;再根據句子的內容，可以看出該從句是一項研究的相關(guān)內容(what)，不是指研究的時(shí)間(when)， 原因(why)和方式(how)，因此，該題的答案為what。
2. [A] defended [B] concluded [C] withdrawn [D] advised
【答案】[B] concluded
【解析】從此題所在的句子的前后內容可以判斷出，that is_______ 中的that是指第一句話(huà)的內容(朋友與我們基因上的相關(guān)性)，很顯然是研究得出的結論。因此，答案為concluded。
3. [A] for [B] with [C] on [D] by
【答案】[C] on
【解析】根據空格所在句子的內容(研究對1932分獨特的受試者進(jìn)行分析)判斷出進(jìn)行分析的對象是1932 unique subjects。conduct analysis on…是固定表達。
4. [A] compared [B] sought [C] separated [D] connected
【答案】[A] compared
【解析】該空格所在的句子是which 引導的定語(yǔ)從句修飾study,意思是：對幾對基因不相關(guān)的朋友和陌生人進(jìn)行_______。因為“研究”的內容是關(guān)于朋友間基因上的相關(guān)性問(wèn)題，所以完整的意思應該是：對幾對基因不相關(guān)的朋友和陌生人進(jìn)行比較。所以最佳答案為compared。
5. [A] tests [B] objects [C]samples [D] examples
【答案】[C] samples
【解析】根據空格的前后內容判斷，到第五個(gè)空為止，文章都在講實(shí)驗過(guò)程，和實(shí)驗對象，第五個(gè)空格所在句子的內容是：相同的人們都用于實(shí)驗中的這兩類(lèi)______。所以根據上下文語(yǔ)境和內容，應該選與實(shí)驗對象相對應的samples(樣例).因此，答案是samples。
6. [A] insignificant [B] unexpected [C]unbelievable [D] incredible
【答案】[A] insignificant
【解析】空的語(yǔ)境為：盡管這1%看起來(lái)似乎____，但是遺傳學(xué)家可不這么認為�？涨昂笮纬蓪Ρ绒D折的邏輯關(guān)系，而從后文列舉的例子中可知遺傳學(xué)家James Fowler對這1%基因的態(tài)度是肯定的，故答案為A。
7. [A] visit [B] miss [C] seek [D] know
【答案】[D] know
【解析】空的語(yǔ)境為：大多數人甚至不____他們隔三代的表親，但卻設法選擇那些____我們親戚的人作為朋友。填入的詞必須滿(mǎn)足前后句之間的轉折邏輯關(guān)系，四個(gè)選項帶入，只有D選項符合上下文語(yǔ)義。
8. [A] resemble [B] influence [C] favor [D] surpass
【答案】[A] resemble
【解析】空的語(yǔ)境為：大多數人甚至不認識他們隔三代的表親，但卻設法選擇那些____我們親戚的人作為朋友。根據全文中心：基因上的相似性，可知本題選擇A。
9. [A] again [B] also [C] instead [D] thus
【答案】[B] also
【解析】空所在的句子開(kāi)頭用“The study…”,顯然這是對上文話(huà)題的繼續闡述，前文指出研究發(fā)現朋友與我們有1%的基因關(guān)系，而空所在句“the genes for smell were something shared in friends”在進(jìn)一步詳細討論該話(huà)題，前后之間是順接關(guān)系，故答案為B。
10. [A] Meanwhile [B] Furthermore [C] Likewise [D] Perhaps
【答案】[D] Perhaps
【解析】從選項和文字中句子結構可以判斷，空格處要求填入一個(gè)能夠體現前后兩個(gè)句子邏輯關(guān)系的副詞，空前的句子談到“為什么在嗅覺(jué)基因方面存在相似性還很難解釋”，空后卻緊接著(zhù)對此得出一個(gè)相關(guān)結論，很明顯是矛盾的，所以此結論只能是一種不確定的推測，故答案為D。
11. [A] about [B] to [C]from [D]like
【答案】[B] to
【解析】該題為介詞選擇題。后半句出現比較級，可見(jiàn)是和前文形成比較關(guān)系，因此和上半句介詞保持一致，用介詞to。該句翻譯：它(這種相似性)吸引我們到相同的環(huán)境，并且使我們更為相似。因此答案為to。
12. [A] drive [B] observe [C] confuse [D]limit
【答案】[A] drive
【解析】該句意思為：很多機制共同作用，從而_____我們選擇基因相似的朋友，_____和_____交朋友的“功能關(guān)系”。根據上下文可知，此處所填入動(dòng)詞需符合結構_____sb. in doing sth，B選項observe(觀(guān)察，遵守)和C選項confuse(困惑)均無(wú)此用法。符合該結構只有A選項drive(驅使)和D選項limit(限制)。根據上下文可得知：這些機制驅使我們選擇基因相似的朋友，符合文章主題。如果選限制則為反向干擾。因此答案為drive。
13. [A] according to [B] rather than [C] regardless of [D] along with
【答案】[B] rather than
【解析】所填詞為邏輯關(guān)系短語(yǔ)，空前說(shuō)選擇基因相似的朋友，空后說(shuō)具有“實(shí)用關(guān)系”的朋友，可知前后為對立關(guān)系，并且根據文章主題，可知肯定前者而否定后者，可鎖定B選項rather than。A選項according to(根據)沒(méi)有體現出對立及取舍關(guān)系，因此排除;C選項regardless of(不管)表讓步關(guān)系，干擾性較強，但文章更強調取前舍后，因此排除;D選項along with(伴隨)表順接，故排除。故答案為rather than。
14. [A] chances [B]responses [C]missions [D]benefits
【答案】[D] benefits
【解析】根據前文functional kinship(實(shí)用關(guān)系)可得出D選項benefits(利益)，前后形成呼應。A選項chances(機會(huì ))、B選項responses(反應)、C選項missions(使命)均不符合題意。故答案為benefits。
15. [A] later [B]slower [C] faster [D] earlier
【答案】[C] faster
【解析】該句為：evolving ______ than other genes(比其他基因進(jìn)化得______). 根據同詞復現，我們找到該段第二句話(huà)中：human evolution picked pace in the last 30,000 years(人類(lèi)進(jìn)化在過(guò)去30000年間提速)。C 選項faster與下文picked pace(加速)形成呼應，故答案為faster。
16. [A]forecast [B]remember [C]understand [D]express
【答案】[C] understand
【解析】此題考查動(dòng)詞。根據語(yǔ)意�？崭窈竺媸且粋�(gè)why引導的賓語(yǔ)從句，意為“人類(lèi)進(jìn)化在過(guò)去三萬(wàn)年間得以加速的'原因”，表示這一研究的結果和意義。能與這一賓語(yǔ)從句構成搭配的只有C選項understand。A選項forecast“預測”與“過(guò)去三萬(wàn)年”相矛盾，B選項remember“記住”和D選項“express”均不符合文意。
17. [A] unpredictable [B]contributory [C] controllable [D] disruptive
【答案】[B] contributory
【解析】此空需要填入一個(gè)形容詞，表達社會(huì )環(huán)境對人類(lèi)進(jìn)步所起到的作用。help，pick pace這兩個(gè)詞表達的都是積極的含義，因此此處需要填入一個(gè)帶有褒義的感情色彩的詞， 因此排除A選項“不可預測的”和D選項“破壞性的”; B 而C選項“可控的”,與語(yǔ)意無(wú)關(guān);因此正確答案為B選項contributory“促進(jìn)的”。
18. [A] endeavor [B]decision [C]arrangement [D] tendency
【答案】[D] tendency
【解析】此處進(jìn)一步陳述這一研究的結論。A選項endeavor“努力”，B選項“決定”，C選項“安排”，D選項“傾向”。本文的主旨重在解釋人們在交朋友的不自覺(jué)的一種傾向，而非通過(guò)人為的有意識的舉動(dòng)來(lái)選擇朋友。因此正確答案為D。
19. [A] political [B] religious [C] ethnic [D] economic
【答案】[C] ethnic
【解析】結合文意，人們普遍希望和有相似基因背景的人。C選項ethnic意為“種族的，民族的”，是對上文中多次重復出現的genes,以及下文的the same population的同義復現。因此正確答案為C。 A選項political“政治的”， B選項“宗教的”，D選項“經(jīng)濟的”均不符合原文文意。
20. [A] see [B] show [C] prove [D] tell
【答案】[A] see
【解析】此處考察動(dòng)詞，動(dòng)詞勢必要看前后搭配。see that 構成固定詞組，意為“務(wù)必使……”，符合文意，即：即使所有的受訪(fǎng)者都擁有歐洲血統，(研究者們)仍然悉心確保所有的受訪(fǎng)者、朋友和陌生人都來(lái)自于同一群種。選項B“展示”,選項C“證明”，選項D“辨別”均無(wú)此含義，且不符合文意。
英語(yǔ)知識運用訓練試題【二】
Directions:
Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A,B,C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)
In Cambodia, the choice of a spouse is a complex one for the young male. It may involve not only his parents and his friends, __1 __ those of the young woman, but also a matchmaker. A young man can __2__a likely spouse on his own and then ask his parents to __3 __ the marriage negotiations, or the young man’s parents may make the choice of a spouse, giving the child little to say in the selection.__4__ , a girl may veto the spouse her parents have chosen. __5 __ a spouse has been selected, each family investigates the other to make sure its child is marrying __6__ a good family.
The traditional wedding is a long and colorful affair. Formerly it lasted three days, __7__ by the 1980s it more commonly lasted a day and a half. Buddhist priests offer a short sermon and __8__ prayers of blessing. Parts of the ceremony involve ritual hair cutting, __9__cotton threads soaked in holy water around the bride’s and groom’s wrists, and __10__ a candle around a circle of happily married and respected couples to bless the __11__ . Newlyseds traditionally move in with the wife’s parents and may __12__ with them up to a year, __13__they can build a new house nearby.
Divorce is legal and easy to __14__ ,but not common. Divoreced persons are __15__with some disapproval. Each spouse retains __16__ property he or she __17__ into the marriage, and jointly-acquired property is __18__ equally. Divorced persons may remarry, but a gender prejudice __19__ up: The divorced male doesn’t have a waiting period before he can remarry __20__ the woman must wait ten months.
1. [A] by way of [B] on behalf of [C] as well as [D] with regard to
[標準答案] [C] as well as
[考點(diǎn)分析] 邏輯關(guān)系
[選項分析] 因為考查邏輯關(guān)系，所以需要我們先對填空前后的原文信息做定位分析：空格處身處大環(huán)境not only…but also之中，這是一個(gè)明顯的并列關(guān)系，表示“不僅……而且……”，該空后面的those指代前文出現的“parents and friends”，顯然“the young man”與“the young woman”為并列關(guān)系，表示“與他本人以及伴侶的父母朋友相關(guān)”，所以答案只能是[C]項as well as 也，又。[A]項by way of 通過(guò)，[D]項with regard to 關(guān)于，[B]項on behalf of 代表。
2. [A] adapt to [B] provide for [C] compete with [D] decide on
[標準答案] [D] decide on
[考點(diǎn)分析] 上下文語(yǔ)義
[選項分析] 根據該句的主語(yǔ)a young man與賓語(yǔ)a likely spouse的關(guān)系，答案只能是[D]項decide on“決定”，表示自己決定自己的配偶。[B]項provide for為……提供準備……，provide為及物動(dòng)詞，直接跟賓語(yǔ)，不需要加介詞;[C]項compete with“與……競爭”，[A]項adapt to“適用”。
3. [A] close [B] remew [C] arrange [D] postpone
[標準答案] [C] arrange
[考點(diǎn)分析] 上下文語(yǔ)義及動(dòng)詞辨析
[選項分析] 該句意思為：他可以自己選擇自己中意的伴侶并讓父母_____婚姻談判。四個(gè)選項中，[A]項close 關(guān)閉;[B]項renew 更新，恢復;[D]項postpone 推遲;這三項語(yǔ)義不正確，只有[C]項arrange“安排”符合語(yǔ)境。
4. [A] Above all [B] In theory [C] In time [D] For example
[標準答案] [B] In theory
[考點(diǎn)分析] 上下文語(yǔ)義
[選項分析] 邏輯判斷題主要是看前后兩句的含義，前面說(shuō)“他可以自己選擇自己中意的伴侶并讓父母安排婚姻談判，或者完全由父母選擇對象，不給孩子選擇的.機會(huì )。”空格后面說(shuō)“女方可以否決她父母所選擇的對象。”這兩句之間顯然是相反的關(guān)系，且有一個(gè)may，更證明[B]項In theory“理論上說(shuō)”的正確性，而其他選項[A]項Above all最重要的是，[C]項In time 準時(shí)，[D]項For example舉例，均不符合題意。
5. [A] Although [B] Lest [C] After [D] Unless
[標準答案] [C] After
[考點(diǎn)分析] 上下文語(yǔ)義
[選項分析] 根據下文“______a spouse has been selected, each family investigates the other…”可知，只有對象選擇好后，父母才會(huì )去調查對方，顯然表達的是時(shí)間先后順序，所以只有after才對。其他選項[A]項Although 盡管， [B]項Lest 以免，唯恐，[D]Unless 除非，否則都不符合題意。
6. [A] into [B] within [C] from [D] through
[標準答案] [A] into
[考點(diǎn)分析] 上下文語(yǔ)義及介詞辨析
[選項分析] 這里主要是看marry與相關(guān)介詞的固定搭配及句意理解。這里marry into就是指“通過(guò)婚姻得到[成為]……的一員”，而其他選項均沒(méi)有這層含義。
7. [A] since [B] or [C] but [D] so
[標準答案] [C] but
[考點(diǎn)分析] 邏輯關(guān)系
[選項分析] 根據上文“以前婚禮會(huì )持續三天”，出處句子意為“到了20世紀80年代，婚禮只持續一天半”，顯然與前文發(fā)生轉變，為對比關(guān)系，因此選擇[C]項but 但是。
8. [A] copy [B] test [C] recite [D] create
[標準答案] [C] recite
[考點(diǎn)分析] 上下文語(yǔ)義及動(dòng)詞辨析
[選項分析] 空格處需要填一個(gè)動(dòng)詞，和后面的prayers of blessing所搭配，[C]項recite 有“吟誦、朗誦”的意思，與所給短語(yǔ)搭配最為合理，譯為“吟誦祝福的祈禱文”。
9. [A] folding [B] piling [C] wrapping [D] tying
[標準答案] [D] tying
[考點(diǎn)分析] 上下文語(yǔ)義及動(dòng)詞辨析
[選項分析] 本題需要根據上下文語(yǔ)義分析，空格處需要搭配后文“棉線(xiàn)”，縱觀(guān)四個(gè)選項[A]項 折疊，[B]項 堆積，[C]項 包裹，[D]項 系上，根據后文的“around the bride’s and groom’s wrists 在新郎和新娘的腰間”，只有[D]項“將在圣水中浸過(guò)的棉線(xiàn)系在新郎和新娘的腰間”符合句意。
10. [A] passing [B] lighting [C] hiding [D] serving
[標準答案] [A] passing
[考點(diǎn)分析] 上下文語(yǔ)義及動(dòng)詞辨析
[選項分析] 原文空格需要填寫(xiě)一個(gè)動(dòng)詞與后文“around a circle”來(lái)搭配，譯為“將蠟燭傳一圈”，故[A]項“傳遞”為正確選項。[B]項 點(diǎn)亮，[C]項 隱藏，[D]項 服務(wù)。
11. [A] meeting [B] collection [C] association [D] union
[標準答案] [D] union
[考點(diǎn)分析] 名詞辨析
[選項分析] 本句語(yǔ)義為“將蠟燭繞著(zhù)幸福完婚和受人尊敬的夫妻傳遞一圈來(lái)祝福 ”，[D]項 結合，引申為“婚姻”之意;根據語(yǔ)境，[D]項正確。
12. [A] grow [B] part [C] deal [D] live
[標準答案] [D] live
[考點(diǎn)分析] 上下文語(yǔ)義及動(dòng)詞辨析
[選項分析] 本題比較簡(jiǎn)單。根據語(yǔ)義“根據傳統，新婚夫婦要搬到妻子父母家，與父母____一年”，[D]項“生活”為最佳答案。[C]項 交易，[B]項 分開(kāi)，[A]項 成長(cháng)。
13. [A] whereas [B] until [C] if [D] for
[標準答案] [B] until
[考點(diǎn)分析] 時(shí)間邏輯關(guān)系
[選項分析] 本句意為“_____他們在附近建造一棟新房子”，[A]項 然而，[B]項 直到，[D]項因為，[C]項 如果，結合前文“新婚夫婦根據傳統要和女方家人生活一年”，前后存在一定的時(shí)間關(guān)系，[B]項“直到”最符合原文語(yǔ)境，搭配最為合理。
14. [A] avoid [B] follow [C] challenge [D] obtain
[標準答案] [D] obtain
[考點(diǎn)分析] 上下文語(yǔ)義及動(dòng)詞辨析
[選項分析] Divorce is legal and relatively easy to __14__, but not common. 該句句意為“離婚是合法的，且相對容易____。”[A]項avoid避免，[B]項follow跟隨，[C]項challenge挑戰，質(zhì)疑，[D]項obtain獲得，實(shí)現。根據關(guān)鍵詞“legal”可知這里表達的是正面的意思，再根據句意選擇[D]項。
15. [A] isolated [B] persuaded [C] viewed [D] exposed
[標準答案] [C] viewed
[考點(diǎn)分析] 上下文語(yǔ)義及動(dòng)詞辨析
[選項分析] Divorced persons are __15__ with some disapproval. 離婚的人 一些不認可。本段第一句提到“離婚是合法的且相對容易得到批準，但是不常見(jiàn)。”這句其實(shí)是在說(shuō)明離婚并不常見(jiàn)的原因，[A]項isolated孤立，[B]項persuaded勸說(shuō)，[C]項viewed看待，[D]項exposed接觸，受到……的影響，[C]項最符合句意。
16. [A] whereever [B] whatever [C] whenever [D] however
[標準答案] [B] whatever
[考點(diǎn)分析] 關(guān)系代詞辨析
[選項分析] Each spouse retains ___16___ property he or she __17__ into the marriage. 17小題四個(gè)選項都是動(dòng)詞，所以該句意思為：夫婦雙方保有財產(chǎn)，這個(gè)財產(chǎn)是他或她進(jìn)婚姻的。結合[A]項 whereever“無(wú)論何地;任何(地方)=any place where(定從)”;[B]項 whatever“無(wú)論什么;任何(東西)=anything that/any+N that”;[C]項 whenever無(wú)論何時(shí);任何時(shí)間=any time when;[D]項 however無(wú)論如何;無(wú)論多么。根據語(yǔ)義，這里應該不是讓步的關(guān)系，而且填的這個(gè)詞還要能修飾property。因此，選擇[B]項，等于retains any property that he or she……。
17. [A] changed [B] brought [C] shaped [D] pushed
[標準答案] [B] brought
[考點(diǎn)分析] 上下文語(yǔ)義及動(dòng)詞義辨析
[選項分析] Each spouse retains ___16___ property he or she __17__ into the marriage，結合[A]項 changed“改變”，[B]項 brought “帶來(lái)”，[C]項 shaped“形成”，[D]項 pushed“推，逼迫”。結合語(yǔ)境只有[B]項符合句意，意為“把財產(chǎn)帶入婚姻”。
18. [A] invested [B] divided [C] donated [D] withdrawn
[標準答案] [B] divided
[考點(diǎn)分析] 上下文語(yǔ)義及動(dòng)詞義辨析
[選項分析] ...and jointly-acquired property is __18__ equally. 結合[A]項invested投資;[B]項divided分配;分開(kāi);[C]項donated 捐贈;[D]項withdrawn撤出，提取。根據語(yǔ)義應該是共同財產(chǎn)被(夫妻雙方)平分，因此選擇[B]項。
19. [A] warms [B] clears [C] shows [D] breaks
[標準答案] [C] shows
[考點(diǎn)分析] 動(dòng)詞固定搭配
[選項分析] Divorced persons may remarry, but a gender prejudice __19__up. 該句語(yǔ)義為離過(guò)婚的人或許會(huì )再婚，但是性別偏見(jiàn) 。[A]項warm up加熱，熱身;[B]項clear up(天氣)變晴，收拾，消除;[C]項show up顯現;[D]項break up分裂，分開(kāi);根據句意，選擇[C]項。
20. [A] while [B] so that [C] once [D] in that
[標準答案] [A] while
[選項分析] 上下文語(yǔ)義
[考點(diǎn)分析] 本句句意為：離婚的男性再婚不需要等待期，女性必須等十個(gè)月。顯然前后兩句存在轉折關(guān)系，只有[A]項while“然而”能夠表達這個(gè)意思。
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