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高考書(shū)面表達審題“三步走”

時(shí)間:2024-08-14 08:06:47 英語(yǔ)寫(xiě)作 我要投稿
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高考書(shū)面表達審題“三步走”

  導語(yǔ):近幾年全國卷書(shū)面表達給考生提供了很大的思維空間,讓考生圍繞主題去組織思想和內容,那么如何審題就顯得尤為重要。如果審題不清,就很容易文不對題,即跑題、漏題或偏題。因此,考生在平時(shí)訓練中要逐漸培養審題和發(fā)現關(guān)鍵詞的能力。

高考書(shū)面表達審題“三步走”

  步驟指導

  第一步:定體裁、中心審題準——審題確定方向,行文緊扣主題

  根據提示,首先要弄清寫(xiě)何種體裁的文章,是記敘文、說(shuō)明文、應用文,還是議論文。無(wú)論提供材料的方式是文字描述,還是圖畫(huà)或表格,要求文章的主要體裁是唯一的。近幾年全國卷寫(xiě)作考查書(shū)信類(lèi)居多,在確定是應用文的.書(shū)信類(lèi)之后,還要審是建議信、請求信、道歉信還是推薦信等,要求寫(xiě)的是說(shuō)明介紹、解釋原因還是計劃安排等。

  第二步:定要點(diǎn)、人稱(chēng)、時(shí)態(tài)要點(diǎn)準——要點(diǎn)全而不漏

  要點(diǎn)要全:根據要點(diǎn)提示,提取keywords, 擬定topic sentences。定要點(diǎn)時(shí)要弄清什么該寫(xiě),什么不該寫(xiě);哪些該詳寫(xiě),哪些該略寫(xiě)。

  人稱(chēng)要對:審人稱(chēng),即用什么人稱(chēng)來(lái)表達。書(shū)信中常常會(huì )用到第一、二人稱(chēng),但在涉及其他人、物介紹說(shuō)明時(shí),常用第三人稱(chēng)。

  時(shí)態(tài)要準:講述現在的情況應用一般現在時(shí);涉及計劃打算時(shí),常用一般將來(lái)時(shí);涉及對以往的敘述時(shí),常用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。當然情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的恰當運用,也會(huì )使表達更加準確,語(yǔ)氣更加自然。

  第三步:定段落結構美——行文條理清晰,力避一段到底,根據寫(xiě)作提示內容與要點(diǎn),常采用二段式或三段式的段落模式。

  實(shí)戰演練

  【典例】(2016全國卷Ⅰ)假定你是李華,暑假想去一家外資公司兼職,已寫(xiě)好申請書(shū)和個(gè)人簡(jiǎn)歷(resume)。給外教Ms Jenkins 寫(xiě)信,請她幫你修改所附材料的文字和格式(format)。

  注意:1.詞數100左右;2.可以適當增加細節,以使行文連貫。

  【審題步驟】

  第一步:定體裁、中心

  體裁:a letter for help

  主題:correct mistakes about the words and format

  第二步:定要點(diǎn)、人稱(chēng)、時(shí)態(tài)

  寫(xiě)作要點(diǎn):Point 1:the purpose of writing the letter

  Point 2:to find a part\|time job

  Point 3:have finished the application form and personal resume

  Point 4:help me correct mistakes about the words and format

  人稱(chēng):第一、二人稱(chēng)

  時(shí)態(tài):以一般現在時(shí)為主,合理運用情態(tài)動(dòng)詞

  第三步:定段落

  Para. 1:寫(xiě)信目的

  Para. 2:暑假計劃與尋求幫助

  Para. 3:表達謝意

  【參考范文】

  Dear Ms Jenkins,

  I want to tell you something about my plan for the coming summer vacation and

  Im writing to ask you for some help.

  In order to earn some extra money and reduce my familys burden,Id like to

  go to an overseas\|funded company to find a part\|time job. Ive finished the application form and personal resume. But Im not sure if they are written well

  enough to catch their eye. Please refer to the attachments which include the

  application form and resume and correct mistakes about the words and format.

  Id appreciate it if you could help me revise them. Looking forward to your reply.

  Yours sincerely,

  Li Hua

  【典例】 ( 2015全國卷Ⅱ)假如你是李華,計劃和同學(xué)去敬老院(nursing home)陪老人們過(guò)重陽(yáng)節(the Double Ninth Festival)。請給外教露西寫(xiě)封郵件,邀她一同前往,內容包括:1.出發(fā)及返回時(shí)間;2.活動(dòng):包餃子、表演節目等。

  注意:1.詞數100左右;

  2.可以適當增加細節,以使行文連貫;

  3.結語(yǔ)已為你寫(xiě)好。

  Looking forward to your reply.

  Yours,

  Li Hua

  【審題步驟】

  第一步:定體裁、中心

  體裁:an email of invitation

  主題:a plan to visit the nursing home

  第二步:定要點(diǎn)、人稱(chēng)、時(shí)態(tài)

  寫(xiě)作要點(diǎn):

  Point 1:to invite Lucy to join us for a visit to the nearby nursing home

  Point 2:to help the elderly there

  Point 3:the time to set off — at 9 in the morning; the time to come

  back:around 4 oclock in the afternoon

  Point 4:activities — making dumplings and cakes, dancing and playing

  games

  人稱(chēng):采用第一、二人稱(chēng)

  時(shí)態(tài):以一般將來(lái)時(shí)為主

  第三步:定段落

  Para. 1:介紹重陽(yáng)節,概述活動(dòng)計劃

  Para. 2:具體活動(dòng)安排

  Para. 3:發(fā)出邀請及提醒

  【參考范文】

  Dear Lucy,

  The Double Ninth Festival,which is the day set aside for the elderly in our

  culture,is drawing near. Our class plan is to visit the nursing home this Sunday

  in order to help the elderly there and enrich our after\class life at the same time.

  Here are some detailed arrangements during our stay there. Well make

  dumplings and cakes with the elderly people. Well also spend some fun time

  together singing,dancing and playing games,which will make them happy. We should be back around 4 oclock in the afternoon as planned. Im convinced that the

  activity will be enjoyable and meaningful.

  If youd like to join us,please let us know and well wait for you at the school gate at 9 in the morning.

  Looking forward to your reply.

  Yours,

  Li Hua

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