考研英語(yǔ):夯實(shí)基礎語(yǔ)法
考研英語(yǔ)，一直是很多考生的攔路虎，那么就讓我們從現在開(kāi)始，夯實(shí)英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法基礎，為之后的復習備戰做好準備。
A. 核心語(yǔ)法
一、非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞（ V+ing, V+ed）
1、動(dòng)名詞
(1)作主語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ)
Saying is easier than doing.說(shuō)比做容易。
(2)作介詞賓語(yǔ)
We get pleasure from loving and being loved.我們從愛(ài)別人和被別人愛(ài)中得到快樂(lè )。
2、分詞作定語(yǔ)
�。�1）前置
The beginning student should be given more encouragement.初學(xué)者應多給予鼓勵。
A balanced diet provides nutrition for your body.均衡的食物使你的身體獲得營(yíng)養。
�。�2）后置
Those living on a mountain live off the mountain.靠山吃山
Children disciplined when they are young will become good citizen.小時(shí)候受過(guò)良好教育的.兒童長(cháng)大會(huì )成為好公民。
3、分詞作狀語(yǔ)
Hearing the news, they immediately set off for Shanghai.聽(tīng)到這個(gè)消息，他們立即出發(fā)到上海去了。
Seen from the pagoda, the south foot of the Purple Mountain is a sea of trees.從這個(gè)塔上遠眺，紫金山南麓是樹(shù)的海洋。
Printed white, the house looks bigger.漆成白色后，這房子像是更大了。
Having written an important letter, I litsened to the music for a while.寫(xiě)完一封重要的信之后，我聽(tīng)了一會(huì )兒音樂(lè )。
Arguing from the view that humans are different from animals in every relevant respect, extremists of this kind think that animals lie outside the area of moral choice.持極端觀(guān)點(diǎn)的人認為，人與動(dòng)物在各相關(guān)方面都不相同，所以對待動(dòng)物無(wú)須考慮道德問(wèn)題。
An invisible border divides those arguing for computers in the classroom on the behalf of students career prospects and those arguing for computers in the classroom for broader reasons of radical educational reform.對于計算機課堂教學(xué)，人們在觀(guān)點(diǎn)上存在著(zhù)一條無(wú)形的界線(xiàn)：有人認為應從學(xué)生的就業(yè)前景來(lái)考慮這一問(wèn)題，而另一些人認為應從推行徹底的教育改革方面來(lái)更加全面地考慮計算機進(jìn)入教室這一問(wèn)題。
�。▍^別動(dòng)名詞短語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ)）
Creating a “European identity” that respects the different cultures and traditions which go to make up the connecting fabric of the Old Continent is no easy task and demands a strategic choice. (2005-49)創(chuàng )造一種能夠尊重不同文化與傳統的歐洲特色并不是一件很容易的事情，而這些文化傳統將會(huì )成為維系歐洲大陸的基礎結構，這需要一種戰略性的選擇。
4、獨立主格結構
Mary coming back, they discussed it together. (= When Mary came back…)瑪麗回來(lái)后，他們一起討論了那件事。
Health and persistence given, one can do great things. (=If health and persistence are given…)有健康的身體和頑強的毅力的話(huà)，一個(gè)人能做出偉大的事情。
The moon having risen, they took a walk in the fields. (= When the moon had risen…)月亮升起后，他們在田野里散步。
So much time having been spent, the work is only half done. (=Though so much time has been spent…)雖然花了這么多時(shí)間，這項工作才做了一半。
But with homework counting for no more than 10% of their grades, students can easily skip half their homework and see very little difference on their report cards.但是由于作業(yè)在成績(jì)中所占的比例不超過(guò)10%，學(xué)生很可能少做一半的作業(yè)，而在他們的成績(jì)單上也不會(huì )有什么差別。
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