英文摘要中語(yǔ)態(tài)和時(shí)態(tài)的用法

英文摘要的字數大多數期刊規定不超過(guò)250個(gè)詞，內容應與中文摘要對應。論文中，一般少用第一人稱(chēng)和主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，多用第三人稱(chēng)和被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，用以體現敘述客觀(guān)事實(shí)。所用時(shí)態(tài)需與事情發(fā)生時(shí)間一致，敘述基本規律時(shí)可用現在時(shí)，敘述研究對象、方法和結果時(shí)，用過(guò)去時(shí)。舉例如下。

　　Objective:The purpose of this study was to determine whether an in hospital transportable CT scanner can provide diagnostic brain images and to compare the quality of these images with those from a convertional fixed? platform CT scanner.

　　Subjects and Methods:Twenty seven patients with known or suspected intracranial pathology underwent imaging on a transportable scanner and a fixed? platform scanner within 1hr of each other.Images from each CT examination were evaluated independently by two neuroradiologists who were unaware of patient history.Conspicuousness of intracranial pathology and normal anatomy were rated on a 5? point scale (1 point 'optimal;5 points'poor or not visualized).Statistical comparisons were made using nonparametric tests.

　　Results:Seven CT scans were interpreted as showing normal findings and 20 scans revealed intracranial pathology on both CT scanners.Image quality was higher on the fixed scanner(average rating'2.42 points'SE=0.12)than on the transportable scanner(average rating'3.10   points'SE=0.12(p=0.001).Depiction of the cerebellum'midbrain'and supratentorial gray? white matter was better on the fixed scanner(p＜0.05＝.However'we found no significant differences in detection of intracranial pathology between scanners.Both radiologists found images from both scanners to bediagnostic in all 27 patients.

　　Conclusion:Images of the brain on the transportable CT scanner were less clear than those on a fixed scanner.However'images from the transportable CT scanner were diagnostic in 27 consecutivepatients.The implications of this finding are important for the provision of CT services for critically ill patients who cannot be transported to the radiology department.

　　上面是AJR(美國放射學(xué)雜志)中一段完整的英文摘要，從中可以看出其特點(diǎn)：①用詞簡(jiǎn)練、準確；②時(shí)態(tài)為過(guò)去時(shí)；③不用第一人稱(chēng)，多用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)；④方法和結果中強調方法及數據。對母語(yǔ)非的作者來(lái)說(shuō)，撰寫(xiě)英文摘要的質(zhì)量好壞直接與作者的英文水平有關(guān)，在這方面，只有多閱讀英文文獻，才能提高英文水平，從而寫(xiě)出高質(zhì)量的英文摘要。

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