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新概念英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法精辟名詞性從句
新概念英語(yǔ)第三冊語(yǔ)法精粹(三):名詞性從句
王牌要點(diǎn):通常由 that或疑問(wèn)詞導出。
1. How some mammals came to live in the sea is not know.(主語(yǔ)從句)
2. The attorney told his client that they had little chance of winning the case.(賓語(yǔ)從句)
3. The problem is what we'll do next.(表語(yǔ)從句)
4. We have no idea that he has come back.(同位語(yǔ)從句)
同位語(yǔ)(Appositive):
同位語(yǔ)是英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法的重點(diǎn)內容,也是各類(lèi)考試中的一個(gè)考點(diǎn),同時(shí),在寫(xiě)作中正確運用同位語(yǔ)可以使你的句型更加簡(jiǎn)潔得體。
《新概念英語(yǔ)》 第三冊第一課有這樣一個(gè)句子: When reports came into London zoo that a wild puma had been spotted forty-five miles south of London, they were not taken seriously.
。ó攤惗貏(dòng)物園接到報告說(shuō),在倫敦以南45英里處發(fā)現一只美洲獅時(shí),這些報告并沒(méi)有受到重視。)
在這里,a wild puma had been spotted forty-five miles south of London就是同位語(yǔ)從句,它本來(lái)應該放在 “reports”后面,這里卻被放在了謂語(yǔ)成分 came into London zoo的后面,目的是讓句型顯得更為穩重。
I.簡(jiǎn)單記憶:同位語(yǔ)從句,就是對某些名詞做進(jìn)一步的解釋的句子。
I was greatly shocked when I heard the news that his father died yesterday.
。╰hat 引導的句子解釋了news的內容,注意:that不做任何成分)
We have to face the fact that the weather is unexpectedly bad.
。╰hat 引導的句子解釋了fact的內容)
II.聯(lián)想記憶:
能接同位詞從句的名詞有:belief(信仰),fact,idea,doubt,rumor(謠言),evidence(證據),conclusion(結論),suggestion(建議),problem,order,answer,discovery(發(fā) 現)explanation(解釋?zhuān),principle(原則),possibility(可能性),truth,promise(承諾),report(報告),statement(聲明),knowledge(知識),opinion(觀(guān)點(diǎn)),likelihood(可能性)
。鄞舐暲首x三遍,背下即可。]
III.王牌要點(diǎn):
● 同位語(yǔ)一般由that引導,但也可以用關(guān)系代詞which, who, what和關(guān)系副詞when, where, why, how或 whether 引導。
There arouse the question whether we could win the game.
I have no idea howto explain it.
● 一些介詞詞組后面也能引導同位語(yǔ)從句。(非常經(jīng)典之功能句式,可用于四六級和托福作文,不妨一試。
on the assumption(在……前提下),
on the ground(由于……原因),
on the condition that(在……條件下),
with the exception(有……例外)
owing to the fact(由于……事實(shí));
on the understanding(基于……理解);
The young lady promised to marry the old man on the condition that he bought her a villa.
那位年輕的女士答應嫁給那位老頭,條件是他給她買(mǎi)一幢別墅。
IV.分隔式同位語(yǔ)從句
為了使句型平衡不至于頭重腳輕,有時(shí)同位語(yǔ)從句可以放到句子的末尾,(讀兩遍此定義,然后看倒句:)
An idea came to him that he might write to her to ask more information about the matter.
I got information from my friend that there will be a marvelous American movie "Titanic".
V. 同位語(yǔ)從句與定語(yǔ)從句之區別
簡(jiǎn)單記憶:定語(yǔ)從句的引導詞 that 或 which在句子中用作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ),而同位語(yǔ)從句的引導詞that只起連接主句和從句之作用,不用作任何成分。
示例:I've got an answer that A is right. (同位語(yǔ)從句,that 不做成分)
I've got an answer that surprised me a lot.(定語(yǔ)從句,that做定語(yǔ)從句的主語(yǔ))
VI.王牌重點(diǎn):可以充當同位語(yǔ)的詞組或短語(yǔ)。
1)名詞短語(yǔ)。(使句型更為簡(jiǎn)潔)
Bill Clinton, the president of America, came to China to pay an official visit in 1998.
Lu Xun, one of the greatest essayists in China, played an overwhelmingly important role in Chinese literature history.
2)動(dòng)名詞詞組亦可用作同位語(yǔ):別忘了加逗號。(使句型更為流暢)
I'm crazy about the game, playing baseball.
Going to concert, that sounds a great idea.
3)不定式短語(yǔ)。(陌生只是掌握的開(kāi)始)
The problem what to do next remains unsolved.
Her claim to have finished his work is nothing but a white lie.
4)形容詞詞組。(有逗號隔開(kāi))
All the workers, young or old, should be treated equally.
Young man, short or tall, should have the right to take the opportunity.
VII. 同位語(yǔ)的引導詞。(重要!這是中高級寫(xiě)作中不可缺少的引導成分)
引導詞用來(lái)表示同位語(yǔ)與它所說(shuō)明的同位成分之間的關(guān)系:
1.namely, that it is, that is to say(也就是說(shuō)), in other words(換句話(huà)說(shuō)), or, for short 表示等同關(guān)系。
2.such as, say, so to speak(譬如說(shuō)), including(包括), for instance(或 for example (e.g. / eg),表示舉例和列舉關(guān)系。
3.especially, mostly, chiefly, or better, in particular, particularly表示突出重點(diǎn),(在高難度閱讀中表示后面的部分為更重要或更突出的部分,是出題的關(guān)鍵點(diǎn)。)
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