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各種從句的語(yǔ)法總結
導語(yǔ)：高級的英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法知識比初級英語(yǔ)的要難得多，下面YJBYS小編分享高級英語(yǔ)的重要語(yǔ)法，歡迎學(xué)習!
虛擬語(yǔ)氣在各種從句的應用
主語(yǔ)從句的虛擬
1. It is + adj. + that sb. (should) do
常見(jiàn)的形容詞有：necessary, important, strange, natural
It's important that he take my advice.
2. It is + n. + that sb. (should) do
常見(jiàn)的名詞有：a pity, a shame, no wonder, one's wish
It's a pity that he be so silly.
3. It is + done + that sb. (should) do
常見(jiàn)的過(guò)去分詞有：suggested, advised, demanded, requested, required, asked, ordered,
proposed, decided, desired, insisted等。
It's requested that she go home as soon as possible.
賓語(yǔ)從句的虛擬
1. 表命令，表建議，表要求的動(dòng)詞，后接賓語(yǔ)從句虛擬。虛擬的構成為(should) do。
I advise that he stay at home.
2. wish后接從句，虛擬的構成是往過(guò)去推一個(gè)時(shí)態(tài)。
I wish I had watched the football match last night.
注意以下幾組詞或短語(yǔ)用于虛擬語(yǔ)氣中。
1. as if, as though
He speaks English as if he were a native speaker.
2. otherwise, but, even though
He was ill. Otherwise he would have been there.
3. with, without, but for
Without your help, I would have died two years ago.
But for your help, I would have died two years ago.
4. would rather I'd rather you told me yourself.
5. It's time that
It's time that you went to bed.
It's time that you should go to bed.
表語(yǔ)從句中的虛擬
在表語(yǔ)從句中，表示間接的命令，要求、請求、建議、決定等，主句中的主語(yǔ)通常是suggestion, proposal, request, orders, idea等。從句謂語(yǔ)形式是"(should)+動(dòng)詞原形"。如：
His suggestion is that we (should) leave at once.
名詞從句部分：
1. that不可省略的情況
2. that引導同位語(yǔ)從句和that引導定語(yǔ)從句的區別：同位語(yǔ)從句中的that是連詞，不做成分，只連接主從句，不能省略;定語(yǔ)從句中的that要代替先行詞在從句中做主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)或者表語(yǔ)，并且做賓語(yǔ)時(shí)可以省略。從語(yǔ)義上看，同位語(yǔ)從句是對前面名詞的解釋、說(shuō)明或內容;而定語(yǔ)從句時(shí)對前面名詞的限定。
We should consider the students’request that the school library provide more books on
popular science. (that引導同位語(yǔ)從句)
The only hope that he expressed was that they would do what they could to help the people
in disaster areas. (that引導定語(yǔ)從句)
3. 要根據句子結構尤其是謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞判斷從句的類(lèi)型：
What is known to us all is that the 2008 Olympic Games took place in Beijing.
本句含有一個(gè)主語(yǔ)從句和一個(gè)表語(yǔ)從句，主句的動(dòng)詞為is。
It is known to us all that the 2008 Olympic Games took place in Beijing.
本句含有一個(gè)主語(yǔ)從句，主句的動(dòng)詞為is known to。
As is known to us all, the 2008 Olympic Games took place in Beijing.
本句含有一個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句，主句的動(dòng)詞為took place，as引導非限制性定語(yǔ)從句。
4. 名詞性從句的語(yǔ)序和語(yǔ)態(tài)。
名詞性從句均應用陳述語(yǔ)序，不能用疑問(wèn)語(yǔ)序，其時(shí)態(tài)應該和主句時(shí)態(tài)保持一致。
5. 名詞性從句中連詞的省略。
介詞后的連詞以及引導主語(yǔ)從句和同位語(yǔ)從句的連詞不可省略。that引導名詞從句(除了引導第一個(gè)賓語(yǔ)從句可省略外)都不可省略，但是引導定語(yǔ)從句并在從句中做賓語(yǔ)時(shí)可以省略�！hat不能省略的情況：1)介詞后面的that不能省略：
Peter is a good student except that he is sometimes careless.
2)當that引導的賓語(yǔ)從句位于句首時(shí)：
That he ever did such a thing I don’t believe.
3)主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞和that從句之間有插入語(yǔ)，that不省略：
She said that, if she failed, she would try again.
4)當賓語(yǔ)從句有其他從屬連詞時(shí)，that不省略：
He told me that if it was necessary they would work extra time.
6.名詞性從句中it的使用：
為了保持句子平衡，多數情況下，it作形式主語(yǔ)或形式賓語(yǔ)，將真正的主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)從句后置�！《ㄕZ(yǔ)從句關(guān)系代詞有who, whom, whose, which, that, as,和關(guān)系副詞when, where, why。
(1)that指物時(shí)一般可與which互換，但在下列情況下，要用that而不用which。
a. 先行詞有all, everything等不定代詞時(shí)，如，
Everything (that) he did is wrong.
b. 先行詞被all, every, no, some, any, little, much等修飾時(shí)，如，
I'll read all the books (that) you lend me.
c. 先行詞被序數詞或形容詞最高級修飾時(shí)，
This is the first letter (that) the boy has written.
d. 先行詞被the only, the very, the same, the last修飾時(shí)，如
He is the very man (that) I'm looking for.
e. 只用which的情況
在介詞后或在非限定性定語(yǔ)從句中
This is the book about which we have talked a lot.
The book, which he gave me yesterday, is very interesting.
f. where和when作關(guān)系副詞
This is the room where I worked.
This is the room which I stayed in.
I remembered the day when we lived there.
I remembered the day that I spent there.
g. as和which
as 可以放于句首，而which 不可以
As you know, he is good at English.
three of them 和three of which
I have a lot of books, three of which are in Russian.
I have a lot of books and three of them are in Russian.
(2. )“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”的情況：
在固定短語(yǔ)中介詞不能提前;判斷介詞的口訣：瞻前顧后看意義
瞻前——看先行詞;顧后——找從句動(dòng)詞;看意義——看全句表達含義
(3. )先行詞在從句中充當地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，關(guān)系詞用where 或者介詞加which;先行詞在從句中充當時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，關(guān)系詞用when或者介詞加which;先行詞在從句中充當原因狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，關(guān)系詞用why或者for which。
(4. )注意as和which在非限制性定語(yǔ)從句中代表主句所表達的內容的區別：
位置不同：as從句放在主句前或后均可;而which從句只能放在主句后
作用不同：as從句動(dòng)詞常常是see \know等，因而相當于插入語(yǔ);which從句則在陳述一件事實(shí)。
狀語(yǔ)從句部分
1.while 是高考中的高頻詞，它既可引導時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句，又可引導并列句，還可引導讓步狀語(yǔ)從句，表示“盡管”。
2. no matter wh- 與wh-ever 的聯(lián)系及區別：no matter wh- 只引導讓步狀語(yǔ)從句，此時(shí)與wh-ever通用。wh-ever又可引導名詞性從句，No matter wh-不能。
No matter when / Whenever he comes back, he should be invited to the party.
3. 在條件，時(shí)間和讓步從句中，用一般現在時(shí)表示一般將來(lái)時(shí)，用現在完成時(shí)表將來(lái)完成時(shí)，
用一般過(guò)去時(shí)表過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)。在since 引導的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句中，動(dòng)詞一般都用一般過(guò)去時(shí)，而主句常用現在完成時(shí)。
4. 狀語(yǔ)從句的倒裝一般有下面幾種情況：①否定詞開(kāi)頭;②so 加adj. 開(kāi)頭;③as /
though引導的讓步狀語(yǔ)從句。
5. 連詞before小結：
We had sailed four days before we saw land. (……才)
We hadn’t run a mile before he felt tired. (不到……就)
Please write it down before you forget it. (趁……)
Before I could get in a word, he had measured me. (還沒(méi)來(lái)得及)
It will be/was…before…要過(guò)多久才……
6. because, since, as 引導原因從句的區別：because表達直接原因，語(yǔ)氣最強，回答why;
since通常放句首，譯為“既然”;as引導不談自明的原因，語(yǔ)氣最弱;
7. as可以引導多種從句，要注意其中的區別。
8. till, until和not…until的區別;if和unless的區別
非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞部分動(dòng)詞不定式幾點(diǎn)注意。
1.下列動(dòng)詞或動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)后接不定式：agree, seem, appear, offer, happen, wish, hope, pay,
expect, long, plan, intend, promise, pretend, decide, afford, manage, choose, be said to,would like to等。
2. 不定式常用的句型：too…to do (太……而不能), …enough to do…(夠……就能……), so as to do/in order to do(為了……)，so…as to do/such…as to do(如此……結果……)。
3. 不定式的三個(gè)結構：即否定結構、復合結構和疑問(wèn)結構。
否定結構為“not (never) to do”;疑問(wèn)結構是特殊疑問(wèn)詞“how (what, which, who, whether…) to do”;復合結構是“for/ of +名詞(或代詞賓格)+ to do ”。
4. let/ make/ have/ see/ hear/ notice/ observe/ listen to/ look at/ watch/feel
這些動(dòng)詞帶不定式作賓補時(shí)，省掉to, 若這些動(dòng)詞以被動(dòng)形式出現時(shí)，應加上to。
5. 當前面是the first, the second, the last, need, plan, time, chance, right,determination,ability, opportunity(機會(huì ))，way時(shí)，一般用不定式作定語(yǔ)。
6. but/ except + to do/ do 結構，要根據謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞來(lái)確定其后面的形式。當謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是do,does, did時(shí)，but后用動(dòng)詞原形;謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是其他動(dòng)詞時(shí)，but后用“to + 動(dòng)詞原形”的形式。
7. 形容詞后一般用不定式(除busy, worth 兩個(gè)外)。
You are sure to succeed. 你一定能成功。
He is busy preparing his lessons at present. 他現在正忙于預習功課。
8. 不定式作定語(yǔ)和表語(yǔ)時(shí)，有時(shí)需要在后面放上一個(gè)適當的介詞。
This is a bench to sit on.(這是用來(lái)坐的凳子。)
This room is comfortable to live in. (這個(gè)房間住起來(lái)很舒適。)
9. 在“主語(yǔ)+系動(dòng)詞+adj.+不定式”這個(gè)句型中，當主語(yǔ)是不定式的邏輯賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，不定式不用被動(dòng)，不能在動(dòng)詞后再放賓語(yǔ)。
The question is easy to answer. (question是answer的賓語(yǔ)，不能說(shuō)：The question is easy to be answered. 也不能說(shuō)：The question is easy to answer it .)
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