高考英語(yǔ)閱讀理解分析

　　明天就要高考了，今天小編準備了一些比較有代表性的高考英語(yǔ)閱讀理解題給大家考前練練手，希望可以幫助同學(xué)們在高考前盡快找到自己的做題狀態(tài)。

　　美文賞析

　　Harvard is a world­class university.Some famous leaders，including American President Barack Obama，graduated from the Ivy League school.It is a college that claims to teach students“integrity”，which is why a recent cheating scandal surrounding it has come as a surprise.

　　Last month，during a take­home exam,125 students from one course were accused of sharing answers.Suspected cheating was found in half of the exam papers handed in.

　　Exam rules stated that students should not discuss answers but could use the Internet and textbooks.However，a lot of answers were practically identical，leading teachers to think something was wrong.

　　Harvard responded to the cheating in two ways.They have launched an inquiry into what happened but also asked professors to be clearer about what counts as“group work”.Some academic experts think cheating has become more common and the message about what is OK and what isn't is no longer clear.

　　Donald L.McCabe，a professor at the Rutgers University Business School in the US and leading researcher on cheating，told The New York Times that the Internet has made cheating easier.Howard Gardner，a professor at the Harvard Graduate School of Education，said that he studied academic integrity over 20 years and that“the ethical⑤ muscles have atrophied(萎縮)”because nowadays people want success but do not care how they get it—whether it is through honest or dishonest means.

　　Universities around the world have strict policies on copying work.After a survey in 2008 said that nearly half of Cambridge University students had cheated，the university said that“we regard deliberate acts of cheating as serious offences which can lead to failure to obtain，or withdrawal⑥ of a degree.”

　　Peking University will tell off⑦ a student or issue⑧ him or her with a written notice to go with their personal record.In more severe cases students will not be allowed to complete their degrees.

　　At Yale，a suspected cheater will be interviewed before the matter is referred to a committee to check.If they are found guilty，a letter will be issued saying how bad the offence is and what the next steps will be.

　　The results of Harvard's inquiry are to be announced soon.But the news of students' dishonesty has left people wondering where the“integrity”that Harvard has prided itself on for so long has gone.

　　【解題導語(yǔ)】　本文是一篇新聞報道，介紹了哈佛大學(xué)學(xué)生被懷疑考試作弊一事引起了人們的懷疑，同時(shí)介紹了其他大學(xué)對類(lèi)似事情的處罰。

　　一、閱讀與積累

　　1.攻克疑難詞匯

　�、賗ntegrity n.完整， 完善， 正直， 誠實(shí)

　　You can trust him;he is a man of complete integrity.

　　你可以相信他，他是一個(gè)剛正不阿的人。

　�、趕candal n.丑聞

　　The scandal caused tempests in the newspaper.

　　那件丑聞在報紙上引起了軒然大波。

　�、踚dentical adj.同一的， 相同的

　�、躭aunch vt.發(fā)起， 推出(新產(chǎn)品)，發(fā)射， 使(船)下水

　　The manager decided to launch a sales drive.

　　經(jīng)理決定展開(kāi)一次促銷(xiāo)活動(dòng)。

　�、輊thical adj.倫理的， 道德的

　�、辸ithdrawal n.撤退， 退回，取消

　�、遲ell off訓斥;斥責

　　The director told off Jim for being late for work again.吉姆又一次遲到了，受到主任的訓斥。

　�、鄆ssue vt.發(fā)表， 公布，正式發(fā)給

　　The office will be issuing permits on Tuesday and Thursday mornings.

　　辦公室將會(huì )在星期二和星期四早晨發(fā)許可證。

　　2.攻克疑難句

　　But the news of students'dishonesty has left people wondering where the“integrity”that Harvard has prided itself on for so long has gone.

　　結構分析　left是謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，people是賓語(yǔ)，wondering是現在分詞作賓補，構成“leave sb doing”句式，意為“使某人處于某種狀態(tài)”;where引導賓語(yǔ)從句，其中又含有一個(gè)that引導的定語(yǔ)從句。

　　嘗試翻譯　但是學(xué)生不誠實(shí)的這個(gè)消息使人們納悶，哈佛大學(xué)那么長(cháng)時(shí)間曾引以為豪的“誠實(shí)”已消失了。

　　二、理解與嘗試命題

　　1.理解文章主旨

　　What does this passage mainly discuss?________.

　　答案　This passage mainly discusses universities' punishments on cheating.

　　2.自主嘗試命題

　　請你依據閱讀理解主旨大意題型的特點(diǎn)，給下面試題寫(xiě)出干擾項，然后叫你的同桌試做一下。

　　The passage is meant to________.

　　A.________

　　B.________

　　C.tell us of the suspected students cheating in Harvard University

　　D.________

　　參考答案　A.tell us the“integrity”that Harvard has prided itself on for so long has gone

　　B.tell us why students cheat in the exam

　　D.tell us Harvard has taken measures to look into the case of students cheating

　　3.解題技巧點(diǎn)撥

　　閱讀理解主旨大意題解題技法之一：讀首段(句)抓大意

　　有些文章或段落的主題句居首，即常常出現在文章或段落的開(kāi)頭，開(kāi)門(mén)見(jiàn)山，提出主題，隨之用細節來(lái)解釋?zhuān)�支撐或發(fā)展主題句所表達的主題思想，在說(shuō)明文、議論文、科技文獻和新聞報道中多采用這種格式。因此，要尋找這類(lèi)文章的主旨大意就需要研究文章的首句和首段。同樣，尋找段落的主旨大意則要研究段落的首句。

　　[真 題 典 例]

　　(2014·合肥模擬)Some supermarkets have a special way of getting people to come to the bakery counters.Sometimes they spray a“cake smell”into the air.At other times they spray the fresh smell of baking bread.These smells are enough to make people's mouths water.The customers then race madly to the counter to buy cake，bread，rolls，and other baked goods!

　　The main idea of the paragraph is________.

　　A.what cake smells like

　　B.why bakeries make money

　　C.how people are attracted to bakery counters

　　D.what bakery counters in supermarkets sell

　　答案　C　[本文的首句交待“有些超市有一個(gè)讓顧客來(lái)面包柜買(mǎi)面包”方法，下面便介紹這個(gè)方法。所以C項是最佳選項。A項指蛋糕的味道，這是具體的信息。B項文章沒(méi)有提及，D項側重所賣(mài)的內容而不是賣(mài)的方法，所以也不是本段的主題。]

　　[學(xué) 以 致 用]

　　(2014·青島模擬)Inspiring the Future is supported by governments，schools and employers.Nick Clegg，Deputy Prime Mister，said，“Today we're calling on doctors，lawyers，farmers，engineers and other working people to give up just an hour of their time to talk to students in their local schools about how they got where they are today.”Sir Roger Carr，president of the Aston Martin，said，“There is nothing better for young people thinking about their future careers than meeting and speaking to professional people who do the jobs they are considering.”

　　What is the main idea of the last paragraph?

　　A.Workers are urged to volunteer in local schools.

　　B.Nick Clegg calls on workers to give up an hour to talk to students.

　　C.Governments，schools and employers support Inspiring the Future.

　　D.Nothing is better than consulting professional workers for students.

　　答案　C　[主旨大意題。根據最后一段中的“Inspiring the Future is supported by governments，schools and employers”，可知，“激勵未來(lái)”職業(yè)咨詢(xún)活動(dòng)受到了政府、學(xué)校和雇主的支持。]

　　高考英語(yǔ)考試中英語(yǔ)閱讀題是不容丟分的部分，也是與其他考生拉開(kāi)距離的地方，所以切記要多做題練題感。還有，夢(mèng)想還是要有的，萬(wàn)一考上了呢。小編也順便在這里預祝將要高考的同學(xué)們考試順利，高考英語(yǔ)六六六。

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