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英語(yǔ)公眾演講的技巧學(xué)習
篇一:英語(yǔ)公眾演講技巧
Public Speaking Skills - How To Persuade People Persuasion is the key to accomplishment, not only for politicians or stockbrokers(股票經(jīng)紀人), but for everyone of us. In a job interview, you have to persuade your interviewers why they should hire you and not the other candidates. In a classroom presentation, you have to convince your classmates and professor to believe that what you are talking about is worth listening to, and your hard work deserves a good grade. In a workplace, you need to be able to pitch your ideas persuasively in order to prosper (繁榮,昌盛;成功)in your career. If you look at highly successful people, you will see that they are not only hard workers and creative thinkers, but also great persuaders.
In public speaking, it all comes down to this question: how can you win over your audience? And the answer is one word: CREDIBILITY.
Imagine Bill Gates saying the following hypothetical sentences:
"Within ten years, all laptop computers will also be used as televisions. The televisions we use nowadays will turn into something completely old-fashioned."
Now imagine Britney Spears saying the same thing. You would probably nod at Gates and shrug(聳肩) at Spears, right? You would choose to trust his judgment rather than hers because you know that he is a guru(領(lǐng)袖,專(zhuān)家)of the computer industry and she is not. This is called "initial credibility", meaning the credibility that the speaker has even before he/she begins speaking.
Initial credibility is a blissful(充滿(mǎn)喜悅的) advantage for public speakers. If your audience already knows you are an expert in something and already trusts you, you won't have to try so hard to create credibility in your speech. But what if you are not really an expert in anything and your audience doesn't even know who you are? The answer is simple: you will have to build your credibility during your speech.
How to Build Your Credibility
1. Advertise your competence - At the beginning of your presentation, tell your audience about your expertise on the speech topic. If you have done a lot of research about the topic, tell them so. If you have a certain experience that gives you special knowledge or insight, go ahead and say so. But keep in mind; you don't want to sound boastful(自夸,自負的) to your audience. Do not over-advertise yourself. Keep it short and simple. Say it as a matter of fact, not a boast.
2. Connect to the audience - Try to identify with(認為…等同于,與一致 )your audience early in your speech. Even if you are going to talk about something very controversial or something your listeners may disagree with, you still have to make them feel that you share the same common ground and values.
Four years ago, I watched Senator John Kerry give a speech about keeping woman's rights to abortion in one of the "red" states, in a room
full of conservative voters who were probably strongly against such an idea. At the start of his speech, he made a very smart move by saying that he himself is also a true Christian who believes abortion is not the right thing to do. Then he explained further that even though that is what he believes, there are also a lot of people in America who do not consider abortion a sinful(有罪的)thing; there are a number of Americans who are not Christians and do not share his religious principles. And since America is a democratic country, we have to respect those people's values as well.
I think Senator Kerry was impressive that day. By establishing common ground with the audience early, he was able to get off on the right foot. I don't know how many people in the audience he had successfully convinced, but at least he pulled off that extremely controversial speech with such poise and more importantly, without getting booed.
3. Speak eloquently(['el?kw?ntli]善辯地;富于表現力地)and express your ideas with conviction - Practice your persuasive speech ahead of time so that you can perform it well. Moderately(適度地;中庸地;有節制地)fast speakers tend to be considered more intelligent and confident than slow speakers. If you sound hesitant or say "uh" and "um" too much, you will appear less competent.
4. Use evidence - For amateur public speakers with no initial credibility,
it is very helpful to use examples, statistics, facts or testimonies to support their ideas. No matter what type of evidence you use in your speech, just remember these two things:
First, use specific evidence. For example, if you use statistics, indicate the exact number. Saying "Ten million Americans suffer from obesity" will make your point more effectively than just saying "Millions of Americans suffer from obesity." It will make your listeners aware that you have a good firm grip of factual information. Second, always cite evidence from well-known, reliable and non-biased sources.
5. Reason clearly and persuasively- Even if you use a bunch of strong evidence, you still won't be able to persuade your audience unless they grasp your reasoning. Don't assume that supportive evidence is enough. Throwing a lengthy list of statistics and examples at your listeners without drawing a logical conclusion to your main idea won't do you any good.
6. Appeal to emotions - Some people say that serious public speakers should avoid emotional appeal entirely and only stick to reason. I disagree with that. Humans are not like automatons or Mr. Spock in Star Trek. We think and feel at the same time. By adding intensity of feeling to your logical speech, you can be a much more compelling speaker. A rational persuasive speech that can change some people's attitudes may
not arouse those same people enough to take action. In order to convince your listeners not only to agree with your ideas but also adopt them in real life, you must evoke their passion. ? Use words or phrases that tend to reinforce emotional power. It is hard to pinpoint what words can sentimentally influence people more than others. It depends mostly on what topic you are talking about and what kind of emotion you would like to arouse in the audience. However, try not to be too wordy or say something overly melodramatic. Your passionate language must suit your speech, otherwise it may strike the audience as ridiculous.
? Use vivid personal experience. By telling the audience about your captivating real life story that is relevant to the speech topic, you automatically let your emotional appeal grow. The video below is a great example of how a public speaker can use one's personal experience to one's own advantage.
? Unless you are a really competent actor, don't act. Speak with sincerity[sin'ser?ti] and your true emotion. Using emotional language and vivid experience can be pointless if you don't actually feel the emotion yourself.
篇二:英語(yǔ)演講及演講技巧
1.在有了好的心態(tài)后,演講稿就成為了第二要點(diǎn)。首先你要明白,演講稿不是普通的英文文章,它是一篇熱情洋溢,激情四射的闡述你的觀(guān)點(diǎn)的文章,它必須能夠吸引聽(tīng)眾的注意!一篇好的演講稿應該能夠很清楚的一開(kāi)始就讓聽(tīng)眾知道你在說(shuō)什么,做到這一點(diǎn)并不容易,因為有時(shí)太過(guò)于直接會(huì )讓大家感到突如
其來(lái),應該有一定的緩沖。我看了很多外國名人的演講后總結出以下幾種形式:
、. 問(wèn)候天氣,然后 轉入正題。
、. 寒暄。如:Good morning!I’m very glad stand here and give you a talk.
、. 開(kāi)門(mén)見(jiàn)山。如:Good morning!Today I stand here to talk about?
有了好的開(kāi)頭,在演講稿中,為了調動(dòng)大家的激情,可以多運用排比句,在這點(diǎn)上美國的著(zhù)名演講家:Martin Luther King,Jr.可以稱(chēng)的上是專(zhuān)家。
2.演講稿寫(xiě)好后,你應該背過(guò)它,這是最起碼的要求!因為如果拿著(zhù)稿子去演講的話(huà),聽(tīng)眾大都會(huì )認為你準備不充分,一開(kāi)始就無(wú)法被你的內容所吸引。同時(shí),這也會(huì )給別人一個(gè)信號:你的信心不充足。所以,背過(guò)它,背的滾瓜爛熟!這才能保證別人會(huì )被你吸引住。
3.背過(guò)了演講稿,是處理它的時(shí)候了,什么地方該停頓,什么地方語(yǔ)氣該加重,什么地方要快讀,什么地方要慢讀,都要細細斟酌!可以這么說(shuō),語(yǔ)氣在很大的程度上決定你演講的成功!
4.下來(lái),該談?wù)剟?dòng)作了。動(dòng)作在演講中也是很重要的。對著(zhù)鏡子,仔細想想,自己應該怎么加動(dòng)作,在什么地方加合適。一般來(lái)說(shuō),在語(yǔ)氣強的時(shí)候,手要上揚,不要太夸張,也不能太拘謹。在這方面,千萬(wàn)不敢急,要用心體會(huì ),多實(shí)踐!
5.很多同學(xué)都有這樣一個(gè)疑問(wèn),演講的時(shí)候忘詞怎么辦。這確實(shí)是一個(gè)問(wèn)題,誰(shuí)也無(wú)法保證自己在演講的過(guò)程中很順利。我認為,如果忘詞了,千萬(wàn)不要怕,不要因此而慌張,沉著(zhù)冷靜,不要刻意去想原來(lái)的詞,按照意思往下說(shuō),相信你一定會(huì )順利繼續的!
英文演講中需要注意的問(wèn)題:
首先,你是在用英語(yǔ)演講,要牢記這一點(diǎn),學(xué)會(huì )用英文思考!
其次,要注意發(fā)音,尤其是單詞的發(fā)音。很多同學(xué)認為這沒(méi)什么,只要發(fā)準就行了,其實(shí)不然。單詞有一個(gè)音節的問(wèn)題,這是我們常常忽略的,是幾個(gè)音節就一定要發(fā)出幾個(gè)音節,這很關(guān)鍵!如:beautiful 這個(gè)單詞有三個(gè)音節,而很多同學(xué)只發(fā)出了兩個(gè),千萬(wàn)要注意!
演講是演講者面向觀(guān)眾闡述對某事物的觀(guān)點(diǎn)、看法的過(guò)程。他指出public
speaking和genernal speaking的區別在于內容、選擇對象和目的。接著(zhù),趙陽(yáng)講述了如何準備演講稿:即要選擇范圍,整理思路、搜索材料。他要求同學(xué)們要拿出演講稿進(jìn)行討論,永遠不要期待完美,永遠不要期待觀(guān)眾懂得更多。接下來(lái),他強調了演講過(guò)程中要注意的幾點(diǎn)問(wèn)題:演講稿的熟練程度、站立姿勢、面部表情、發(fā)型衣著(zhù)、聲音和情感等。
如何英語(yǔ)演講及演講技巧
1. 演講前的準備
1 善用空間的演講
所謂空間就是指進(jìn)行演說(shuō)的場(chǎng)所范圍、演講者所在之處以及與聽(tīng)眾間的距離等等。演說(shuō)者所在之處以位居聽(tīng)眾注意力容易匯集的地方最為理想。例如開(kāi)會(huì )的時(shí)候、主席多半位居會(huì )議桌的上方、因為該處正是最容易匯集出席者注意力的地方。
反之,如果主席位居會(huì )議桌之正中央,則會(huì )議的進(jìn)行情況會(huì )變如何呢?恐怕會(huì )使出席者注意力散漫了,且有會(huì )議冗長(cháng)不休的感覺(jué)?因此,讓自己位居聽(tīng)眾注意力容易匯集之處,不但能夠提升聽(tīng)眾對于演講的關(guān)注,甚至具有增強演說(shuō)者信賴(lài)度權威感的效果。
2 演講應注意的幾個(gè)問(wèn)題
2.1 演講時(shí)的姿勢
演說(shuō)時(shí)的姿勢(posture)也會(huì )帶給聽(tīng)眾某種印象,例如堂堂正正的印象或者畏畏縮縮的印象。雖然個(gè)人的性格與平日的習慣對此影響頗巨,不過(guò)一般而言仍有方便演講的姿勢,即所謂“輕松的姿勢”。要讓身體放松,反過(guò)來(lái)說(shuō)就是不要過(guò)度緊張。過(guò)度的緊張不但會(huì )表現出笨拙僵硬的姿勢,而且對于舌頭的動(dòng)作也會(huì )造成不良的影響。
訣竅之一是張開(kāi)雙腳與肩同寬,挺穩整個(gè)身軀。另一個(gè)訣竅是想辦法擴散并減輕施加在身體上的緊張情緒。例如將一只手稍微插入口袋中,或者手觸桌邊、或者手握麥克風(fēng)等等。
2.2 演講時(shí)的視線(xiàn)
在大眾面前說(shuō)話(huà),亦即表示必須忍受眾目睽睽的注視。當然,并非每位聽(tīng)眾都會(huì )對你報以善意的眼光。盡管如此,你還是不可以漠視聽(tīng)眾的眼光,避開(kāi)聽(tīng)眾的視線(xiàn)來(lái)說(shuō)話(huà)。尤其當你走到麥克風(fēng)旁邊站立在大眾面前的那一瞬間,來(lái)自聽(tīng)
眾的視線(xiàn)有時(shí)甚至會(huì )讓你覺(jué)得刺痛。
克服這股視線(xiàn)壓力的秘訣,就是一面進(jìn)行演講;一面從聽(tīng)眾當中找尋對于自己投以善意而溫柔眼光的人。并且無(wú)視于那些冷淡的眼光。此外,把自己的視線(xiàn)投向強烈“點(diǎn)頭”以示首肯的人,對鞏固信心來(lái)進(jìn)行演說(shuō)也具有效果。
回答人的補充2009-06-06 19:28
2.3演講時(shí)的臉部表情
演講時(shí)的臉部表情無(wú)論好壞都會(huì )帶給聽(tīng)眾極其深刻的印象。緊張、疲勞、喜悅、焦慮、等情緒無(wú)不清楚地表露在臉上,這是很難藉由本人的意志來(lái)加以控制的。演講的內容即使再精彩,如果表情總覺(jué)缺乏自信,老是畏畏縮縮,演講就很容易變得欠缺說(shuō)服力。
控制臉部的方法,首先“不可垂頭”。人一旦“垂頭”就會(huì )予人“喪氣”之感,而且若視線(xiàn)不能與聽(tīng)眾接觸,就難以吸引聽(tīng)眾的注意。另一個(gè)方法是“緩慢說(shuō)話(huà)”。說(shuō)話(huà)速度一旦緩慢,情緒即可穩定,臉部表情也得以放松,再者,全身上下也能夠為之泰然自若起來(lái)。
2.4 有關(guān)服飾和發(fā)型
服裝也會(huì )帶給觀(guān)眾各種印象。尤其是東方男性總是喜歡穿著(zhù)灰色或者藍色系列的服裝,難免給人過(guò)于刻板無(wú)趣印象。輕松的場(chǎng)合不妨穿著(zhù)稍微花俏一點(diǎn)的服裝來(lái)參加。不過(guò)如果是正式的場(chǎng)合,一般來(lái)說(shuō)仍以深色西服、男士無(wú)尾晚宴服、以及燕尾服為宜。其次,發(fā)型也可塑造出各種形象來(lái)。長(cháng)發(fā)和光頭各自蘊含其強烈的形象,而鬢角的長(cháng)短也被認為是個(gè)人喜好的表征。站出來(lái)演講之際,你的服裝、究竟帶給對方何種印象?希望各位好好地思量一番。
2.5 聲音和腔調
聲音和腔調乃是與生俱來(lái)的,不可能一朝一夕之間有所改善。不過(guò)音質(zhì)與措詞對于整個(gè)演說(shuō)影響頗巨,這倒是事實(shí)。根據某項研究報告指出聲音低沉的男性比聲音高亢的男性,其信賴(lài)度較高。因為聲音低沉會(huì )讓人有種威嚴沉著(zhù)的感覺(jué)。盡管如此,各位還是不可能馬上就改變自己的聲音?傊,重要的是讓自己的聲音清楚地傳達給聽(tīng)眾。即使是音質(zhì)不好的人,如果能夠稟持自己的主張與信念的話(huà),依舊可以吸引聽(tīng)眾的熱切關(guān)注。
說(shuō)話(huà)的速度也是演講的要素。為了營(yíng)造沉著(zhù)的氣氛,說(shuō)話(huà)稍微慢點(diǎn)是很重要。標準大致為5分鐘三張左右的A4原稿,不過(guò),此地要注意的是,倘若從頭至尾一直以相同的速度來(lái)進(jìn)行,聽(tīng)眾會(huì )睡覺(jué)的。
回答人的補充2009-06-06 19:28
3英文演講和中文演講的區別
我們的社會(huì )政治情況與國外不太一樣。美國人從小學(xué)開(kāi)始就要競選這個(gè)、競選那個(gè),比如俱樂(lè )部經(jīng)理、學(xué)生會(huì )主席,跟政治競選差不多,所以他們的講演發(fā)達,在講演培訓方面也開(kāi)展得比較好。在西方國家,特別是英語(yǔ)國家更加重視演講。中國在這方面滯后了一點(diǎn)兒,但是現在講演的風(fēng)氣開(kāi)始興盛,這很是令
人喜悅。隨著(zhù)我們對外經(jīng)貿、外交關(guān)系的拓展,學(xué)英語(yǔ)講英語(yǔ)的形勢更加喜人。 那么,英文演講和中文演講相比有哪些區別呢?實(shí)際上一樣,關(guān)鍵在于了解演講對象,減少冗余信息。中文演講和英文演講實(shí)際上是一樣的,關(guān)鍵是看你演講的對象。不管是用中文還是用英文演講,首先你要對自己的聽(tīng)眾要有一個(gè)很好的了解。在國外講演,講演超過(guò)半個(gè)小時(shí),你就要考慮這個(gè)時(shí)間是不是快到
了,絕不要超過(guò)50分鐘。而且應該留出一半以上的時(shí)間讓聽(tīng)眾來(lái)提問(wèn)題。在中國情況就有所不同,實(shí)際上現在中國人也愿意聽(tīng)短話(huà),特別是沒(méi)有什么信息量的套話(huà)說(shuō)法。
在講演當中,語(yǔ)言文字的運用很重要。第一,語(yǔ)言表達純熟清晰。第二,以對方習慣的方式、喜歡的方式來(lái)講。第三,要有內容。當聽(tīng)眾通過(guò)贊揚英文的辦法來(lái)贊揚你時(shí),例如觀(guān)眾對你說(shuō)Articulate,這是表示你講得非常清晰,你聽(tīng)到這樣的評語(yǔ)之后,實(shí)際上就說(shuō)明你的內容已經(jīng)打動(dòng)了人。
適應聽(tīng)眾思維習慣,在講演一定要注意觀(guān)眾的反映。我的講話(huà)就是半個(gè)小時(shí),必要的時(shí)候縮短20分鐘。我看大家睜著(zhù)眼睛很安安靜靜的在聽(tīng),我就多講幾句。講話(huà)不要長(cháng),講20分鐘就可以打住了,然后讓人家提問(wèn)題,這個(gè)10分鐘是有效的10分鐘,你可以根據他們提的問(wèn)題,不完全是切中這個(gè)問(wèn)題放大放開(kāi)講。 學(xué)習英語(yǔ)也沒(méi)有什么捷徑可走。一是慢慢積累,不要放棄;A一定要打好,特別是語(yǔ)法的基礎。在學(xué)校學(xué)的時(shí)間不長(cháng),但是基礎必須非常穩固。光介詞的練習就需要知道幾百幾千,冠詞的練習,什么時(shí)候用THE,什么時(shí)候不用,這些基礎都非常牢固。
二是多看、多讀、多模仿。英語(yǔ)開(kāi)始就是模仿,注意外國人的表達方法。另一方面要非常注意閱讀。像《新聞周刊》、《時(shí)代》等等,而且是越看不明白的東西越看。
準備是搞好演講的前提。首先是要確立一個(gè)題目或一個(gè)話(huà)題。一般演講賽都分為命題演講和即興演講。如要進(jìn)行演講比賽則必須對各個(gè)方面加以準備:政治、經(jīng)濟、文化、教育等,找好立意點(diǎn),擬定題目,如政治方面的演講主題:WTO、統一、和平與發(fā)展、機遇與挑戰;經(jīng)濟方面演講主題:西部大開(kāi)發(fā)、農村經(jīng)濟、再就業(yè);教育方面演講方題:中西方教育的不同、遠程教育、終身教育、槍手;文化方面演講主題:文化的交流與融合、校園文化;環(huán)保方面演講主題:man and nature;科技方面演講主題:網(wǎng)絡(luò )、克隆、基因;衛生方面演講主題:keep physically and mentally healthy;體育方面演講主題:Olympics??有些方面題目太大,可從多角度和多側面思考,找好切入點(diǎn),將題目細化和具體化,寫(xiě)出演講稿的提綱,構思和組織演講稿結構。
擬定好話(huà)題后的第二步就是演講材料的收集與整理。其中最好的方法就是有計劃地閱讀大量的英語(yǔ)原文以及各類(lèi)英語(yǔ)報刊雜志,閱讀是一個(gè)循序漸進(jìn)的過(guò)程,同時(shí)也是培養英語(yǔ)思維的過(guò)程,對提高英語(yǔ)的口頭表達能力和書(shū)面表達能力是至關(guān)重要的。利用有關(guān)資源與材料(如圖書(shū)、報刊、雜志或網(wǎng)絡(luò )資源等)收集所需的內容。然后對材料加以整理或進(jìn)行梳理,舍棄不太重要的內容或用不上的材料,準備寫(xiě)演講稿。
2 演講稿的寫(xiě)作
演講稿首先開(kāi)頭要開(kāi)門(mén)見(jiàn)山,既要一下子抓住聽(tīng)眾又要提出你的觀(guān)點(diǎn),中間要用各種方法和所準備的材料說(shuō)明、支持你的論點(diǎn),感染聽(tīng)眾,然后在結尾加強說(shuō)明論點(diǎn)或得出結論,結束演講。
演講稿的寫(xiě)作有嚴格的要求,就內容而言要主題鮮明,表達完整;就文章組織結構而言要思維清晰,邏輯性強;就語(yǔ)言而言要有感染力、形象生動(dòng)。寫(xiě)作時(shí)可根據需要有效、正確地使用英語(yǔ)寫(xiě)作方法和技巧,如恰當地運用明喻、暗喻、夸張等各種修辭方法,用詞要準確,盡量避免使用生僻、模糊、晦澀的字詞?傊,要考慮聽(tīng)眾對象,注意演講的措辭,但又要簡(jiǎn)明扼要、有理有力、結構緊湊。許多著(zhù)名的演說(shuō)家的不朽之作都有振奮人心、扭轉乾坤般的力量。從馬。返拢鸬摹癐 have a dream”,美國總統林肯所作的著(zhù)名的蓋茨堡演說(shuō),到克林頓在北大的演說(shuō),不少句子都成為不朽的佳句,值得認真研讀.
3進(jìn)行演講
具備演講的知識和技巧,演講稿的完成只是演講的序幕,要進(jìn)行成功的演講則要進(jìn)行嚴格的訓練。訓練時(shí),分析演講要領(lǐng),訓練演講技巧和姿勢語(yǔ),觀(guān)看CCTV杯和愛(ài)立信杯等英語(yǔ)演講的錄像,了解并按照比賽評分標準進(jìn)行嚴格的模擬訓練,觀(guān)察演講過(guò)程是否具備以下特點(diǎn):主題鮮明,表達完整(演講內容);思維清晰,邏輯性強(文章組織結構);感情充沛,富有表現力(演講氣勢);發(fā)音正確,語(yǔ)音語(yǔ)調標準(英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)音);反應敏捷,回答準確(心理素質(zhì));著(zhù)裝整潔,儀態(tài)大方等等。
除此之外,還要有良好的心理素質(zhì)。多進(jìn)行模擬演講,有良好的心理素質(zhì),才能更好地表現自己,取得演講的良好效果。有的同學(xué)能講一口地道的美式英語(yǔ),但由于缺乏良好的心理素質(zhì)而怯場(chǎng),甚至在比賽中緊張得說(shuō)不出話(huà)來(lái)或有一些不良的舉止而被淘汰出局。
有了充分的準備,進(jìn)行演講就不太難了。在演講的整個(gè)過(guò)程中還要注意一些演講的要領(lǐng)與技巧,如演講者與聽(tīng)眾目光的接觸(eye contact),聲音的抑揚頓挫(vocal variety),和肢體語(yǔ)言的配合(hand gestures and body
language)等等,但要恰當,不要太多,否則會(huì )喧賓奪主,影響演講效果。
掌握了這些要領(lǐng),有了充分的知識儲備,再加上良好的心理素質(zhì),一定會(huì )成功的 .
演講技巧
No,nos in public speaking
演講切忌
Talking too rapidly;
語(yǔ)速太快;
Speaking in a monotone;
篇三:如何英語(yǔ)演講及演講技巧
如何英語(yǔ)演講及演講技巧
1. 演講前的準備
準備是搞好演講的前提。首先是要確立一個(gè)題目或一個(gè)話(huà)題。一般演講賽都分為命題演講和即興演講。如要進(jìn)行演講比賽則必須對各個(gè)方面加以準備:政治、經(jīng)濟、文化、教育等,找好立意點(diǎn),擬定題目,如政治方面的演講主題:WTO、統一、和平與發(fā)展、機遇與挑戰;經(jīng)濟方面演講主題:西部大開(kāi)發(fā)、農村經(jīng)濟、再就業(yè);教育方面演講方題:中西方教育的不同、遠程教育、終身教育、槍手;文化方面演講主題:文化的交流與融合、校園文化;環(huán)保方面演講主題:man and nature;科技方面演講主題:網(wǎng)絡(luò )、克隆、基因;衛生方面演講主題:keep physically and mentally healthy;體育方面演講主題:Olympics??有些方面題目太大,可從多角度和多側面思考,找好切入點(diǎn),將題目細化和具體化,寫(xiě)出演講稿的提綱,構思和組織演講稿結構。
擬定好話(huà)題后的第二步就是演講材料的收集與整理。其中最好的方法就是有計劃地閱讀大量的英語(yǔ)原文以及各類(lèi)英語(yǔ)報刊雜志,閱讀是一個(gè)循序漸進(jìn)的過(guò)程,同時(shí)也是培養英語(yǔ)思維的過(guò)程,對提高英語(yǔ)的口頭表達能力和書(shū)面表達能力是至關(guān)重要的。利用有關(guān)資源與材料(如圖書(shū)、報刊、雜志或網(wǎng)絡(luò )資源等)收集所需的內容。然后對材料加以整理或進(jìn)行梳理,舍棄不太重要的內容或用不上的材料,準備寫(xiě)演講稿。
2 演講稿的寫(xiě)作
演講稿首先開(kāi)頭要開(kāi)門(mén)見(jiàn)山,既要一下子抓住聽(tīng)眾又要提出你的觀(guān)點(diǎn),中間要用各種方法和所準備的材料說(shuō)明、支持你的論點(diǎn),感染聽(tīng)眾,然后在結尾加強說(shuō)明論點(diǎn)或得出結論,結束演講。
演講稿的寫(xiě)作有嚴格的要求,就內容而言要主題鮮明,表達完整;就文章組織結構而言要思維清晰,邏輯性強;就語(yǔ)言而言要有感染力、形象生動(dòng)。寫(xiě)作時(shí)可根據需要有效、正確地使用英語(yǔ)寫(xiě)作方法和技巧,如恰當地運用明喻、暗喻、夸張等各種修辭方法,用詞要準確,盡量避免使用生僻、模糊、晦澀的字詞?傊,要考慮聽(tīng)眾對象,注意演講的措辭,但又要簡(jiǎn)明扼要、有理有力、結構緊湊。許多著(zhù)名的演說(shuō)家的不朽之作都有振奮人心、扭轉乾坤般的力量。從馬。返拢鸬摹癐 have a dream”,美國總統林肯所作的著(zhù)名的蓋茨堡演說(shuō),到克林頓在北大的演說(shuō),不少句子都成為不朽的佳句,值得認真研讀.
3進(jìn)行演講
具備演講的知識和技巧,演講稿的完成只是演講的序幕,要進(jìn)行成功的演講則要進(jìn)行嚴格的訓練。訓練時(shí),分析演講要領(lǐng),訓練演講技巧和姿勢語(yǔ),觀(guān)看CCTV杯和愛(ài)立信杯等英語(yǔ)演講的錄像,了解并按照比賽評分標準進(jìn)行嚴格的模擬訓練,觀(guān)察演講過(guò)程是否具備以下特點(diǎn):主題鮮明,表達完整(演講內容);思維清晰,邏輯性強(文章組織結構);感情充沛,富有表現力(演講氣勢);發(fā)音正確,語(yǔ)音語(yǔ)調標準(英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)音);反應敏捷,回答準確(心理素質(zhì));著(zhù)裝整潔,儀態(tài)大方等等。
除此之外,還要有良好的心理素質(zhì)。多進(jìn)行模擬演講,有良好的心理素質(zhì),才能更好地表現自己,取得演講的良好效果。有的同學(xué)能講一口地道的美式英語(yǔ),但由于缺乏良好的心理素質(zhì)而怯場(chǎng),甚至在比賽中緊張得說(shuō)不出話(huà)來(lái)或有一些不良的舉止而被淘汰出局。
有了充分的準備,進(jìn)行演講就不太難了。在演講的整個(gè)過(guò)程中還要注意一些演講的要領(lǐng)與技巧,如演講者與聽(tīng)眾目光的接觸(eye contact),聲音的抑揚頓挫(vocal variety),和肢體語(yǔ)言的配合(hand gestures and body language)等等,但要恰當,不要太多,否則
會(huì )喧賓奪主,影響演講效果。
掌握了這些要領(lǐng),有了充分的知識儲備,再加上良好的心理素質(zhì),一定會(huì )成功的 .演講技巧
No,nos in public speaking
演講切忌
Talking too rapidly;
語(yǔ)速太快;
Speaking in a monotone;
聲音單調;
Using too high a vocal pitch;
聲音尖細;
Talking and not saying much;
“談”得太多,說(shuō)得太少;
Presenting without enough emotion or passion;
感情不充分;
Talking down to the audience;
對觀(guān)眾采取一種居高臨下的姿態(tài);
Using too many "big" words;
夸張的詞語(yǔ)使用得太多;
Using abstractions without giving concrete examples;
使用抽象概念而不給出事例加以說(shuō)明;
Using unfamiliar technical jargon;
使用別人不熟悉的技術(shù)術(shù)語(yǔ);
Using slang or profanity;
使用俚語(yǔ)或粗俗語(yǔ);
Disorganized and rambling performance;
演講無(wú)組織,散亂無(wú)序;
Indirect communication i.e. beating around the bush;
說(shuō)話(huà)繞彎子,不切中主題;
How to communicate with the audience
怎樣與聽(tīng)眾交流
A message worth communicating;
要有值得交流的觀(guān)點(diǎn);
Gain the listeners' attention: capture their interest and build their trust;
引起聽(tīng)眾的注意:抓住他們的興趣并贏(yíng)得信任;
Emphasize understanding;
重視理解;
Obtain their feedback;
獲得反饋;
Watch your emotional tone;
注意聲調要有感情;
Persuade the audience;
說(shuō)服聽(tīng)眾;
How to gain confidence
怎樣變得自信
Smile and glance at the audience;
微笑并看著(zhù)觀(guān)眾;
Start very slowly, with your shoulders back and your chin up;
開(kāi)始發(fā)言時(shí)要慢一點(diǎn),身體保持昂首挺胸的姿態(tài);
Open your speech by saying something very frankly;
開(kāi)場(chǎng)白說(shuō)一些真誠話(huà);
Wear your very best clothes;
穿上自己最好的衣服;
Say something positive to yourself;
對自己說(shuō)一些積極的話(huà);
Four objectives of the speech
演講的四個(gè)目標
To offer information;
提供信息;
To entertain the audience;
使聽(tīng)眾感到樂(lè )趣;
To touch emotions;
動(dòng)之以情;
To move to action;
使聽(tīng)眾行動(dòng)起來(lái);
How to organize the speech
怎樣組織演講
To have a structure: such as first, second, third; geographically, north, south, east, west; compare and contrasts; our side versus their side; negative and positive;
要有一個(gè)結構:可以分一二三點(diǎn);可以從地理上分東南西北;比較與對比;我方與他方;正面與反面;
To label the materials such as jokes, funny anecdotes, favorite sayings, interesting statistics;將材料歸類(lèi)整理,如笑話(huà)、趣事、名人名言、有趣的數據;
To use notecards;
使用卡片;
How to use cards
怎樣使用卡片
Number your cards on the top right;
在卡片的右上角標上數字;
Write a complete sentence on both your first and last card;
在第一張和最后一張上寫(xiě)上完整的句子;
Write up to five key words on other cards;
其他卡片上最多只能寫(xiě)五個(gè)關(guān)鍵詞;
Use color to mark the words you want to emphasize;
用顏色來(lái)標記你想強調的詞;
Remind yourself at a particular sport to check the time.
在某一處提醒自己查看時(shí)間。
How to cope with brownout
如何對付忘詞
Just smile and go to the next card. Not the one in front of you, but to the next following. Look at the first word on it. This will be the point from which you will now continue. Of course you missed part of your speech. But nobody will notice it. They will blame themselves for not following your thoughts.
只需要微微一笑,繼續下一張卡片上的內容,不是擺在你目前的那張卡片,而是下一張?匆幌驴ㄆ系牡谝粋(gè)單詞,這就是你要繼續的要點(diǎn)。當然你會(huì )遺漏一部分內容,但是沒(méi)有人會(huì )注意到這一點(diǎn)。聽(tīng)眾只會(huì )責怪自己沒(méi)有跟上你的思路。
How to begin
如何開(kāi)頭
To tell a story (about yourself);
講個(gè)(自己的)故事;
To acknowledge the occasion of the gathering;
對大家能夠聚在一起表示感謝;
To pay the listeners a compliment;
稱(chēng)贊一下聽(tīng)眾;
To quote ;
引用名人名言;
To use unusual statistics;
使用一些不平常的數據;
To ask the audience a challenging question;
問(wèn)觀(guān)眾一個(gè)挑戰性的問(wèn)題;
To show a video or a slide.
播放錄像帶或看幻燈片。
How to close
如何結尾
To repeat your opening;
重復你的開(kāi)頭;
To summarize your presentation;
概括你的演講;
To close with an anecdote;
以趣事結尾;
To end with a call to a(轉 載 于:wWw.zAIdian.cOM 在 點(diǎn) 網(wǎng))ction;
以號召行動(dòng)結尾;
To ask a rhetorical question;
以反問(wèn)結尾;
To make a statement;
以一個(gè)陳述句結尾;
To show an outline of your presentation.
展示演講大綱。
Eye contact
眼神交流
Move your eyes slowly from person to person, and pause two or three seconds with each listener;
眼睛慢慢地從一個(gè)移動(dòng)到另一個(gè)人,在每一個(gè)人身上停留兩到三秒鐘時(shí)間;
Look at people straight or look at the bridge of their noses or chins;
眼睛直視聽(tīng)眾,或看著(zhù)他們的鼻梁或下巴
Look for the friendlier faces and smile at them one by one, then move on to the more skeptical members and smile at them one by one also;
找到那些看起來(lái)比較友善的聽(tīng)眾,逐次朝他們微笑;然后目標轉向那些有些懷疑的聽(tīng)眾,也逐漸朝他們微笑;
Imagine the audience in bathrobes in case you are nervous.
如果你感到緊張,不妨想象聽(tīng)眾都穿著(zhù)浴衣的樣子。
How to use the microphone
如何使用話(huà)筒
You must speak up and project your voice even if you are using a microphone;
即使是用話(huà)筒,也要聲音響亮并運氣發(fā)聲;
Your voice should be resonant and sustained when you speak;
聲音要有回聲并能稍持續一陣兒;
Pitch your voice slightly lower than normal. Listeners tend to associate credibility and authority with a relatively deep voice;
音調要定得比正常講話(huà)時(shí)低一些,聽(tīng)眾往往把可信度與權威性與一個(gè)相對低沉的聲音聯(lián)系在一起;
Try to end declarative sentences on a low tone without, however, trailing off in volume;盡量用降調結束陳述句,但不要減弱音量;
Slow down.
放慢語(yǔ)速。
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