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英語(yǔ)專(zhuān)業(yè)本科畢業(yè)論文答辯流程及技巧
對于英專(zhuān)的孩子來(lái)說(shuō)，好不容易過(guò)了專(zhuān)四和專(zhuān)八，又迎來(lái)了畢業(yè)之前的最后一道難題那就是畢業(yè)論文。英語(yǔ)專(zhuān)業(yè)的畢業(yè)論文有一定難度，對于本科生來(lái)說(shuō)，這是他們第一次正兒八經(jīng)的寫(xiě)一篇學(xué)術(shù)意義的論文，當然不能跟研究生論文相提并論。但是阻攔畢業(yè)的最后一道坎就是畢業(yè)論文答辯，那么對英語(yǔ)專(zhuān)業(yè)的畢業(yè)論文答辯有什么技巧嗎?這里著(zhù)重介紹一般性的流程和簡(jiǎn)單的技巧，祝大神們能早日順利畢業(yè)!英語(yǔ)本科階段的論文答辯主要分為兩部分：自我陳述和回答答辯老師問(wèn)題。明白了什么是答辯之后，下面就是一些前期的準備工作了。
步驟一、自述(用英語(yǔ)完成)：
先問(wèn)好，再開(kāi)始自述，自述時(shí)間為5-10分鐘，要簡(jiǎn)明扼要。
Good morning, all appraises committee members.
I am ___ and my supervisor is ___. The title of my paper is____.
接下來(lái)，一般要做一個(gè)大概十分鐘的presentation 在答辯前可從以下角度去考慮準備答辯：
1、自己為什么選擇這個(gè)課題? 2、研究這個(gè)課題的意義和目的是什么? 3、全文的基本框架、基本結構是如何安排的? 4、全文的各部分之間邏輯關(guān)系如何? 5、在研究本課題的過(guò)程中，發(fā)現了那些不同見(jiàn)解?對這些不同的意見(jiàn)，自己是怎樣逐步認識的?又是如何處理的? 6、論文雖未論及，但與其較密切相關(guān)的問(wèn)題還有哪些? 7、還有哪些問(wèn)題自己還沒(méi)有搞清楚，在論文中論述得不夠透徹? 8、寫(xiě)作論文時(shí)立論的主要依據是什么?對以上問(wèn)題應仔細想一想，必要時(shí)要用筆記整理出來(lái)，寫(xiě)成發(fā)言提綱，在答辯時(shí)用。
步驟二、答辯(用英語(yǔ)完成)：
一般來(lái)說(shuō)，老師會(huì )提問(wèn)與你論文相關(guān)的問(wèn)題�？梢允谴蟮姆矫娴模赫撐牡谋尘爸R、寫(xiě)作思路、論文的結構、論文所解決問(wèn)題的意義等，大約有6-8個(gè)問(wèn)題，時(shí)間將持續10-15分鐘。對于答辯者來(lái)說(shuō)，首先要聽(tīng)清楚問(wèn)題，如果沒(méi)有聽(tīng)清，可以要求老師重復問(wèn)題(可以說(shuō)pardon之類(lèi)的話(huà))�；卮饡r(shí)首先要態(tài)度好，要切題，而且不要保持沉默，不會(huì )時(shí)可以表示抱歉。
常見(jiàn)問(wèn)題：
(1)關(guān)于選題：如Why did you choose this topic for your paper?或Why were you interested in this project?
(2)關(guān)于具體部分：
商務(wù)方向：SWOT，COSTING，FLOWCHART，RISK，STAKEHOLDER，如Do you think this point a piece of weakness of the shop?或Do you think this a necessary activity for the project?
(3)關(guān)于背景知識及理論知識：如What does SWOT stand for?(商務(wù))
(4)關(guān)于論文存在的問(wèn)題：如In the last sentence on page … there are some grammatical errors.
(5)關(guān)于項目或論文將來(lái)的發(fā)展：如：商務(wù)方向：If possible, will you carry out the project, and if so, do you think it will make profit?
帶一份定稿(要與老師們持有的論文頁(yè)碼一致)，最后要向老師們表示感謝。
準備Powerpoint文件內容(英文)，內容不要太多，最好在5-10個(gè)幻燈片。字號最好是：封面標題44-50;各頁(yè)標題40-44，正文24-32。內容最好是提綱式的，不要用長(cháng)句，也最好不用單詞，可以用簡(jiǎn)單句子或短語(yǔ)。具體內容與上面提出的自述內容一致，這樣有利于自述。格式一般是：封面(題目和姓名)-目錄-各方面內容-結束頁(yè)(可以表示感謝)。
附錄一：常見(jiàn)問(wèn)題
論文答辯是學(xué)生學(xué)習結束時(shí)必不可少的一個(gè)環(huán)節。其目的是考查學(xué)生：
1.能否聽(tīng)懂并正確理解老師提問(wèn)的主旨; 2.答辯是否深刻、有力和流暢; 3.對論文觀(guān)點(diǎn)闡述得是否透徹; 4.是否了解與論文有關(guān)的知識。 學(xué)生通過(guò)積極準備論文答辯不僅可以增長(cháng)知識，溫故知新，而且可以拓寬和加深專(zhuān)業(yè)知識，提高自己的能力。
一些簡(jiǎn)單可行的實(shí)例供學(xué)生參考： 考官開(kāi)頭常問(wèn)的一些問(wèn)題：
1.W ill you please give US a self-introduction? 有些學(xué)生可能由于緊張沒(méi)聽(tīng)清問(wèn)題便開(kāi)始背誦論文的內容，結果造成答非所問(wèn)。
2.Give US a presentation of your thesis.有些學(xué)生一聽(tīng)到‘thesis’便詳細而又不理解地背誦其論文內容，在被打斷之后便不知該說(shuō)什么。其實(shí)，考官只是想知道你對論文的總體了解，讓你簡(jiǎn)單闡明自己論文的內容與觀(guān)點(diǎn)。
3.Why do you choose such a theme?/W hat do you want the reader get from your thesis? 對于這個(gè)問(wèn)題，你可以談?wù)勀愕南埠�，你想要讀者從中得到什么。
4.W hat is the uniqueness of your point of view? 對于這個(gè)問(wèn)題，你可以談?wù)勀愕挠^(guān)點(diǎn)與他人不同之處及原因。這就要求你有相關(guān)知識。
下面以一篇論文為例來(lái)說(shuō)明考官從哪些方面來(lái)提問(wèn)。
1.In your essay there is a sentence："With the development of economics，it is necessary for the countries all over the world to communication with each other.”Is there anything wrong with this sentence? Or "Another major difference in western countries，There is related to the traditional culture and religious belief marriage is generally related to them.”W hat is the meaning of this sentence?
考官問(wèn)這一問(wèn)題，是因為你的句子有明顯的語(yǔ)法錯誤。提醒你應該弄明白句子的基本語(yǔ)法，寫(xiě)論文時(shí)應該認真細致。如果是筆誤，你應該馬上發(fā)現此句中的錯誤之處。economics應是economy，to communication with each other 應是 to communicate with each other,另一個(gè)句子應該是Another major difference in the western marriage is related to their traditional culture and religious belief
2.You say "I believe that after some years there will be no difference in nation, color of skin, culture and language.” Is it possible? Can people all over the world live in the same nation and have the same color of skin，the same culture and language?
這一問(wèn)題是考查你頭腦是否清楚。全世界的人怎么能是同一膚色，講同一種語(yǔ)言呢?事實(shí)上，你沒(méi)能正確地表達你的意思。你要表達的意思應該是：As there will be more communication and cultural exchanges between peoples all over the world，people will understand each other better and there will be some changes in their culture and customs.
3.Do people in America throw rice to the newly wed couple at the wedding ceremony? Do you have any evidence?
提出這一問(wèn)題是考查你的相關(guān)知識。既然把它作為論文來(lái)研究，必然要了解很多相關(guān)的知識，而且一定有論據來(lái)支持你的觀(guān)點(diǎn)。為使論文有說(shuō)服力，寫(xiě)論文時(shí)應閱讀大量相關(guān)書(shū)籍。 4.You have mentioned the Traditional Chinese Wedding.Does it only belong to Chinese minor ethnic group or to the general?
這一問(wèn)題是考查你在利用某種素材時(shí)是否認真思考過(guò)。你所描述的應該是中國普遍的婚俗而不是某一地區、某一少數民族的婚俗，因為中國有很多少數民族，而他們有著(zhù)自己很獨特的婚俗。
5.In your essay you described both the traditional and the modern wedding in English speaking countries, esp，U.S.and Britain.Why not the modem wedding in China?
你的論文的目的應該是促進(jìn)全球文化交流，但你僅僅描述一種在中國少見(jiàn)的婚俗，卻大量描述了西方的傳統和現代的婚俗，這在結構上失衡，還會(huì )誤導讀者，不僅起不到全球文化交流的作用，還會(huì )使人們對中國文化產(chǎn)生誤解。這里只是就一篇論文為例，來(lái)直觀(guān)地說(shuō)明在寫(xiě)論文和答辯時(shí)應該注意的事項，大家可以舉一反三。
附錄二：范文篇
Good morning, all appraiser committee members. I am **** and my supervisor is ***. With her constant encouragement and guidance, I have finished my paper. Now, it is the show time. I will present my efforts to you and welcome any correction.
The title of my paper is On Transformation of Parts of Speech in Translation. I choose this as my topic due to the following reasons. Different languages have different standards to distinguish parts of speech. Each language has its own special structure. And there are no equivalent parts of speech between different languages. In order to make the target version more idiomatic and standard, the transformation of parts of speech is always used by translators. So the transformation of parts of speech is playing a more important role in English to Chinese based on different characteristics of English and Chinese. For the above facts, I select the subject of“On Transformation of parts of speech”as the title of my paper.
I hope by studying this topic we can know the importance of the transformation of parts of speech in English to Chinese translation. Through transformation, we can get the better version and improve the translation skills.
The way of thinking and expressing is quite different between Chinese and English. English is a kind of static languages which tends to use more nouns. While Chinese is a dynamic one in which verbs are often used.
So when we make translation in English to Chinese, we should know this point and shift the parts of speech.
Next, it is an outline of my paper. In the main part of this paper, I divide it into five parts.Part one presents an introduction to the basic concepts of parts of speech and transformation.Part two discusses the definition of translation and emphasizes the importance of transformation of parts of speech in the course of translation.Part three gives four basic ways of transformation of parts of speech through illustrative examples. There are transformed English words into Chinese verbs, nouns, adjectives and adverbs.Part four presents some problems about transformation and gives some advise to solve the problems. Part five draws some conclusions that transformation between parts of speech is necessary for us to achieve good translation. It is demonstrated that we can have a good master of transformation and improve the translation. In addition, we must continuously study and explore in all kinds of translation practices.
OK! That is all. Thank you! Please ask questions.
注意事項
1.在平時(shí)的學(xué)習過(guò)程中必須注意提高自己的聽(tīng)說(shuō)能力。
2.答辯前應做好充分的準備，最重要的是熟悉論文的內容及自己的觀(guān)點(diǎn)。這一點(diǎn)十分重要，如果不熟悉論文的內容及自己的觀(guān)點(diǎn)，答辯時(shí)很難自圓其說(shuō)
3.要有自信心。當然，自信來(lái)自事先的充分準備。
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