回聲問(wèn)echo question的研究

摘 要 回聲問(wèn)（echo question）是言語(yǔ)交際中特殊而有趣的現象，指重復前一個(gè)說(shuō)話(huà)人已經(jīng)說(shuō)過(guò)的全部或部分內容的話(huà)語(yǔ)，在漢語(yǔ)這種表意文字中更是這樣。由于回聲問(wèn)是將別人的話(huà)語(yǔ)引入自己的話(huà)語(yǔ)中，并表達自己對該話(huà)語(yǔ)的態(tài)度，因此，它實(shí)際是一種元語(yǔ)言（mealanguage[微軟用戶(hù)1] ）用法�；芈暢煞挚梢允窃~、短語(yǔ)、句子等形式，看似非常簡(jiǎn)單的重復，但[微軟用戶(hù)2] 其構成形式及其所表達的語(yǔ)義和語(yǔ)用功能遠比一個(gè)常規疑問(wèn)句或一個(gè)陳述句要復雜得多。本研究的理論基礎是Verschueren的 “[微軟用戶(hù)3] 順應論”。在此基礎上，本文分別從語(yǔ)音、語(yǔ)法和語(yǔ)義三方面對回聲問(wèn)進(jìn)行細致描述，指出回聲問(wèn)的產(chǎn)生和理解是順應的實(shí)現，同時(shí)分析回聲問(wèn)產(chǎn)生和理解的過(guò)程，并找出其生成和理解的依據，即順應性。用順應論試圖分析回聲問(wèn)的生成與理解，我們認為，回聲問(wèn)的生成和理解是順應的結果。[微軟用戶(hù)4] 本文共分五章，主要內容如下：第一章“引言”。介紹本文的選題理?yè)�，研究目的、分析方法和結構布局。本文語(yǔ)料主要來(lái)自國內戲劇、小品以及前人研究的實(shí)例，如《雷雨》、《日出》、《原野》、《北京人》和《馬季相聲集》等。第二章“文獻綜述”。首先對本文研究的回聲問(wèn)予以界定和分類(lèi)，然后回顧國內外有關(guān)回聲問(wèn)的研究成果，重點(diǎn)分析這些研究的不足之處，最后簡(jiǎn)要討論回聲問(wèn)和普通疑問(wèn)句的關(guān)系。[微軟用戶(hù)5] 第三章“理論框架”。簡(jiǎn)單介紹“順應論”的基本概念，總結提出人們在輸出和理解回聲問(wèn)時(shí)的基本模式,即對心理因素、社交因素或物理因素等因素的順應。第四章“回聲問(wèn)的產(chǎn)出和理解”,[微軟用戶(hù)6] 重點(diǎn)討論回聲問(wèn)的特點(diǎn)。從語(yǔ)音、語(yǔ)法和語(yǔ)義三方面對回聲問(wèn)進(jìn)行細致描述，其中語(yǔ)義可分為言語(yǔ)本身的意義和其語(yǔ)用含義，本研究重點(diǎn)討論回聲問(wèn)的語(yǔ)用功能，如回聲問(wèn)者一般是在什么情況下回聲問(wèn)，以及其回聲問(wèn)的目的是反詰、諷刺還是其他，同時(shí)討論聽(tīng)者應該注意的問(wèn)題。并指出回聲問(wèn)的產(chǎn)生和理解是順應的實(shí)現，另佐以豐富的語(yǔ)料論證。[微軟用戶(hù)7] 第五章為“結語(yǔ)”�？偨Y全文內容，歸納本文貢獻，并指出本研究的不完善之處以供將來(lái)研究。關(guān)鍵詞：回聲問(wèn)；順應論；音；形；義AbstractEcho questions, a special and interesting phenomenon, refer to the repetition of some parts or the whole of the previous utterances, especially in Chinese. In fact, the use of echo questions is a kind of mealanguage. Because what the speaker utteres is cited from others’ utterances. At the same time, the speaker shows his or her attitude. The echoed institutes can be words, phrases or sentences. The repetition seems to be very easy, whereas the structure and the function are much more complicated than those of ordinary interrogatives and statements.The research is based on Verschueren’s Adaptation Theory. This paper discusses echo questions in detail from the following three main aspects: sound, form and meaning. We think that the production and interpretation of echo questions are the realization of adaptation. In the meanwhile, we analyze the process and find out the mechanism, that is, adaptability. This paper tries to analyze the production and interpretation of the echo question within Adaptation Theory. At last, we find that the adaptability results in the production and interpretation of the echo question.This paper consists of the following five chapters,Chapter one makes an introduction to the whole paper, offering the reason for the present study, putting forward the necessity and rationality of the study, explaining the layout of the study.Chapter two is an overview by first distinguishing and classifying the echo question. Then we focus on the previous researches on the echo question, with special attention being paid to the weak points. At last we talk about the relationship between the echo question and ordinary interrogatives.Chapter three is centered on theoretical framework. We propose a new theory frame (the production and interpretation model of echo question) based on the Adaptation Theory.Chapter four mainly deals with the production and interpretation of echo questions, with special emphasis on three kinds of features: the phonetic and the syntactic features as well as pragmatic features. Echo questions are often used to obtain confirmation or seek more information from the hearer. Besides, they can express the speaker’s surprise, incredulity, retort, dissatisfaction and irony. Thus we put our focus on pragmatic features illustrated by a large number of examples. Chapter five draws a conclusion and points out the limitations of the study in this thesis and the direction of further research on this topic.Key words: echo questions; the Adaptation Theory; sound; form; meaning
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------[微軟用戶(hù)1]胡說(shuō)！[微軟用戶(hù)2]刪除[微軟用戶(hù)3]間隔？？[微軟用戶(hù)4]何出此言？得交代[微軟用戶(hù)5]要提到，這是正文要提到，其他論述從什么理論角度論述回聲問(wèn)的。而順應論會(huì )有什么好處。[微軟用戶(hù)6]全角還是半角逗號？全文一致[微軟用戶(hù)7]還是那句話(huà)，何出此言？這章是重點(diǎn)，得分述，詳述，分析。你的基本觀(guān)點(diǎn)呢？或者幾條論點(diǎn)呢？看你的正文，也不是很突出。這部分很薄弱。論文出處(作者):Liu Xiaohong
隱喻理論在漢語(yǔ)花喻中的研究
矛盾修辭理論的解釋和探討

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