認知語(yǔ)言學(xué)視角下“within”的空間隱喻意義

畢業(yè)論文

The Spatial Metaphorical Meaning of the Preposition “Within” in the View of Cognitive Perspective

Abstract

Metaphor was traditionally viewed as a set of extraordinary figurative expressions. In 1970’s many scholars found the cognitive nature of metaphors. On the view of cognitive approach, metaphor is essentially regarded as a mapping from the source domain to the target domain. Since space experience is one of the most common one in human life, people are likely to give a non-spatial concept through a spatial orientation. Spatial metaphors are image-schematic and they can be reasoned and analyzed with the parameters trajector, landmark and path. This thesis intends to analyze spatial metaphorical meaning of the preposition “within”, and its cognitive processes from the perspective of cognitive linguistics. Based on Langacker’s image schema, the word “within” will be analyzed from three angles: spatial concept of “within” and its image schema analysis; the meaning of “within” mapping onto temporal domain; the meaning of “within” mapping onto target domain. By doing so it would be beneficial to the contemporary English learning and teaching.

Key Words: spatial metaphor；mapping; source domain; temporal domain; target domain; image schema

摘  要

傳統意義上隱喻被看作是1種語(yǔ)言現象和修辭手段。210世紀710年代以來(lái),許多學(xué)者開(kāi)始認識到隱喻從本質(zhì)上講屬于認知范疇。從認知角度來(lái)看,所謂隱喻就是1種從原始域到目標域的映射。對于空間的感覺(jué)和體驗是人類(lèi)生活普遍而重要的1部分,因此,人們會(huì )用空間概念來(lái)表達和建構非空間的抽象概念。當人們把1些空間關(guān)系投射到非空間概念上時(shí)就形成了空間隱喻�？臻g隱喻被看作是1種意象圖式隱喻，動(dòng)體（trajector）、陸標（landmark）、和路徑（path）是分析和解釋空間隱喻的有用參數。介詞“within”的初始意義是:“在某段距離之內,不超過(guò)某段距離”所表示的是空間位置和空間關(guān)系。在此基礎上，本文從認知語(yǔ)言學(xué)的角度出發(fā)，利用Langacker的意象圖式的分析法對英語(yǔ)介詞“within”的空間隱喻意義、介詞“within”從空間位置映射到時(shí)間域、介詞“within”從空間位置映射到程度域這3個(gè)方面做了分析和探討, 使得人們對于“within” 如何從其空間概念域拓展到時(shí)間概念域再到程度概念域的認知過(guò)程有了略為詳細而全面的了解。研究語(yǔ)言中的隱喻現象給研究語(yǔ)言中的多義擴展提供了1個(gè)新的途徑, 能幫助解決習得語(yǔ)言過(guò)程中多義詞的歧義問(wèn)題及同義詞的區分問(wèn)題, 給語(yǔ)言教學(xué)帶來(lái)積極的作用。

關(guān)鍵詞：空間隱喻、映射、始發(fā)域、時(shí)間域、目標域、意象圖式
 
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