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SAT考試語(yǔ)法核心考點(diǎn)
SAT，也稱(chēng)“美國高考”，是由美國大學(xué)理事會(huì )主辦的一項標準化的、以筆試形式進(jìn)行的高中畢業(yè)生學(xué)術(shù)能力水平考試。下面小編為大家整理了SAT考試語(yǔ)法核心考點(diǎn)，歡迎閱讀！
一、詞語(yǔ)的正確使用
動(dòng)詞(單復數，時(shí)態(tài)，語(yǔ)態(tài)，語(yǔ)氣)，代詞(人稱(chēng)，指代不清，所有格)，名詞(一致)，介詞(固定搭配)易混詞，比較結構。
二、句子結構修改
句子連接，句子殘缺，主從句，平行結構，修飾語(yǔ)位置錯誤
三、文意表達(expression of ideas)
1.行文：提出論點(diǎn)，論據支持，主題相關(guān)度和數據信息(proposition，support，focus，quantitative information)
2.結構：句子先后順序，導入，結尾和銜接。(Logical sequence, Introductions,
conclusions, and transitions)
3.有效性：
準確：用詞的準確和恰當
簡(jiǎn)潔：用詞的不贅余(避免wordiness和redundancy)
新增考點(diǎn)：
根據文章需要，保持風(fēng)格，語(yǔ)調和修辭的合適(style，tone and syntax)
四、標點(diǎn)符號(punctuation)
句末標點(diǎn)(End-of-sentence punctuation);
句中標點(diǎn)(Within-sentence punctuation);
五、新增考點(diǎn)：
所有格名詞和代詞(Possessive nouns and pronouns);
詞間標點(diǎn)(Items in a series);
非限制和附加成分(Nonrestrictive and parenthetical elements);
不必要標點(diǎn)(Unnecessary punctuation)
針對這些變化，我們需要注意如下三個(gè)問(wèn)題：
第一、語(yǔ)法答題時(shí)間大大縮短，對閱讀速度要求大大提高：
1、改革前，49題35min：25min+10min
25min的Section ：
挑錯題：9min (18題)
句子改進(jìn)題：7min(11題)
涂卡：2min
文章改進(jìn)題：7min(6題+1篇文章)
2、改革后，44題35min：4篇文章
涂卡：3min
文章改進(jìn)題：8min(11題+1篇文章)
從7min/6題，到8min/11題，多了1分鐘，卻加了5道題，閱讀速度要求驟然提升!
而且，語(yǔ)法55%(24題)是語(yǔ)義表達題，45%(20題)是語(yǔ)法題，需要理解上下文的題目因此大大增多了。這對于我們來(lái)說(shuō)，不得不說(shuō)是一個(gè)巨大的挑戰。
第二、語(yǔ)法答題對于詞匯量和閱讀面的考察大大增加。以前的語(yǔ)法題大多是一個(gè)或兩個(gè)句子，閱讀量很小，甚至不需要讀懂全句，也可以通過(guò)技巧予以解決。
改革后，官方文件里給出了如下一段話(huà)，宣稱(chēng)要讓考生理解完數個(gè)句子、段落，甚至是整篇文章，才可以答出問(wèn)題：
In accord with best practices, the test requires students to answer questions based on extended-prose contexts rather than in isolation or in limited (e.g., single-sentence) contexts. Although some questions are answerable by referring to a single phrase, clause, or sentence, many others leverage the extended context the test’s format makes available and require students to have an understanding of multiple sentences, one or more paragraphs, or the passage as a whole。
本次官方公布的樣題1里的最后一題，就是最好例證：
During his career, Kingman exhibited his work internationally. He garnered much acclaim. In 1936, a critic described one of Kingman’s solo exhibits as “twenty of the freshest, most satisfying watercolors that have been seen hereabouts in many a day�！� Since Kingman’s death in 2000, museums across the United States and in China have continued to ensure that his now-iconic landscapes remain available for the public to enjoy。
7. Which choice most effectively combines the sentences at the underlined portion?
A) internationally, and Kingman also garnered
B) internationally; from exhibiting, he garnered
C) internationally but garnered
D) internationally, garnering
本題答案選D。garner意為獲得，對于選出答案極為重要。因為選項里有表示轉折的but，還有順承關(guān)系的and。
因此，要加大閱讀各種題材的文章，官方提到的科學(xué)，歷史，社科，人文，職場(chǎng)類(lèi)的文章都要特別了解，還要老老實(shí)實(shí)背好核心詞匯。語(yǔ)法題不懂句意也可以做的時(shí)代過(guò)去了。
注意：圖表題尤其難，需要首先讀懂圖表和文意，最后才能選出詞義和語(yǔ)法均正確的選項，其實(shí)很類(lèi)似一道單句寫(xiě)作題。詳情請見(jiàn)官方樣題2最后一題�？荚囍薪ㄗh最后考慮或者蒙，畢竟SAT不倒扣分了，這是一個(gè)利好消息。
第三、加強對新興熱門(mén)考點(diǎn)的理解和復習。
1.標點(diǎn)的考察極其細致：
除了按功能將標點(diǎn)分為六類(lèi)，官方還列出了所有必考考點(diǎn)：除了常出現的逗號，句號和分號，還有不�？嫉拿疤�，破折號，括號。此外，附加成分常用的插入語(yǔ)雙逗號和雙括號，加大了對主要信息和次要信息的區分。
官方公布的樣題中，一共13題，標點(diǎn)就涉及了3題，考察了“句末標點(diǎn)”的句號，“作為解釋說(shuō)明”的冒號和“不需使用”的插入語(yǔ)。
2. 連接詞的題量和范圍加大：
SAT語(yǔ)法目前只有一篇文章，連接詞考察一般在1-2題;現在一共四篇，很可能考察4-6題。因此，連接詞的考察范圍、難度、靈活度均會(huì )加大，包括words, phrases, or sentences。官方公布的13道樣題里，連接詞涉及了2題。
3. 詞語(yǔ)的贅余和辨析題大大增多：
官方強調 expression of ideas，明確考察詞義辨析，不僅是形近易混詞(如allusion和illusion)，而且是意義易混詞。這樣一來(lái)，詞語(yǔ)的辨析難度加大，等于是新型詞匯題。官方公布的樣題中，考察了對于“離開(kāi)、放棄”這一詞義的詞語(yǔ)選擇，原題如下：
As Kingman developed as a painter, his works were often compared to paintings by Chinese landscape artists dating back to CE 960, a time when a strong tradition of landscape painting emerged in Chinese art. Kingman, however, vacated from that tradition in a number of ways, most notably in that he chose to focus not on natural landscapes, such as mountains and rivers, but on cities
4.
A) NO CHANGE
B) evacuated
C) departed
D) retired
拓展：SAT語(yǔ)法考試解題順序
1.抓住明顯錯誤進(jìn)行排除
首先大家需要尋找劃線(xiàn)部分是否有明顯的語(yǔ)法錯誤或邏輯錯誤，有的話(huà)馬上排除，再縱向尋找答案，把選項中沒(méi)有改正這些錯誤的都給排除掉。
例：The benefits of exercise is as psychological as physical.
(A) is as psychological as physical
(B) are more than psychological, they’re physical
(C) are as much psychological as physical
(D) have psychological aspects as well as the physical ones
(E) is psychological in parts and physical as well
我們可以看出這道題目的主語(yǔ)是benefits是復數，所以謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞也應該用復數，但這里謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是單數，所以馬上把A排除掉，縱向尋找答案，發(fā)現E沒(méi)有改正錯誤，D選項錯誤的換了時(shí)態(tài)，所以都錯了。比較B和C選項，B選項的意思不對而且顯得比較多余累贅，所以答案選C.
2. 利用�？伎键c(diǎn)作為切入點(diǎn)
有時(shí)大家如果把一些�？伎键c(diǎn)給記住的話(huà)，就可以大大提高解題的速度。比如在SAT語(yǔ)法當中，劃線(xiàn)部分經(jīng)常出現的錯誤就是代詞指代不清和限定性從句的引導詞指代混亂。因此如果劃線(xiàn)部分出現了這兩類(lèi)詞的話(huà)，在未發(fā)現明顯錯誤的時(shí)候，我們就應該以這兩類(lèi)詞為切入點(diǎn)，通過(guò)確認其真實(shí)指代對象和語(yǔ)法指代對象是否一致來(lái)排除錯誤選項。
例：The automobile, popularized by Henry Ford, was invented around the same time as the Wright brothers developed the airplane, and it is an important method of transportation.
(A) The automobile, popularized by Henry Ford, was invented around the same time as the Wright brothers developed the airplane, and it
(B) The automobile, popularized by Henry Ford, was invented around the same time as the Wright brothers developed the airplane, and
(C) Invented around the same time were the automobile, popularized by Henry Ford and the airplane, which the Wright brothers developed, and it
(D) The automobile popularized by Henry Ford. Was inverted around the same time as the Wright brothers developed the airplane and this is why it
(E) An invention around the same time as the Wright brothers developed the airplane, the automobile, popularized by Henry Ford, it
我們一起來(lái)分析一下這道題目，題干說(shuō)由HF所推廣的汽車(chē)，與W兄弟所發(fā)明的飛機差不多在同一時(shí)間，它是一種重要的交通方法。大家發(fā)現劃線(xiàn)部分的最后一個(gè)詞it就犯了模棱兩可的錯誤，它既可以指代汽車(chē)，又可以指代飛機，所以A錯，同樣C, D, E也都有it，所以也不對。答案應該選擇B選項，把it給去掉了，這樣就避免了指代不明的錯誤。
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