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曲線(xiàn)擬合在數學(xué)建模中的應用
目錄
摘 要 1
Abstract 2
前言 3
1 數學(xué)建模簡(jiǎn)介 4
1.1 數學(xué)建模的概念 4
1.2 數學(xué)建模的1般方法和步驟 4
1.3 數學(xué)建模的重要意義 4
2 MATLAB簡(jiǎn)介 5
2.1 組成 5
2.2 MATLAB語(yǔ)言 6
3 曲線(xiàn)擬合 8
3.1 曲線(xiàn)擬合理論 8
3.2 曲線(xiàn)擬合的最小2乘法 8
3.3 線(xiàn)性最小2乘法 9
3.4 直線(xiàn)擬合 10
3.5 多項式擬合 10
3.6 用MATLAB作線(xiàn)形最小2乘擬合 11
4 MATLAB與曲線(xiàn)擬合在水塔流量估計模型中的應用 14
4.1 問(wèn)題的提出 14
4.2 問(wèn)題分析 14
4.3 模型假設 14
4.4 流量估計的解題思路 15
4.5 算法設計與編程 15
4.6 分析與改進(jìn) 23
5 結束語(yǔ) 24
參考文獻 25
致謝 26
摘 要
數學(xué)建模方法是處理科學(xué)理論的1種經(jīng)典方法，也是解決各類(lèi)實(shí)際問(wèn)題的常用方法。通過(guò)抽象、簡(jiǎn)化、假設、引進(jìn)變量等處理過(guò)程后，將實(shí)際問(wèn)題用數學(xué)方式表達，建立起數學(xué)模型，然后運用先進(jìn)的數學(xué)方法及計算機技術(shù)進(jìn)行求解。曲線(xiàn)擬合通俗地講就是用1條(或1族)適當的曲線(xiàn)去模擬1組(或多組)實(shí)驗數據，從而得到較好地符合實(shí)驗事實(shí)的數學(xué)關(guān)系式。MATLAB是1種廣泛應用于工程計算及數值分析領(lǐng)域的新型高級語(yǔ)言。本文探討了MATLAB這1強而有力的工具在實(shí)驗數據分析和處理中的應用。將測量中得到的水塔流量的相關(guān)數據運用最小2乘法，通過(guò)編寫(xiě)程序實(shí)現向計算機輸入實(shí)驗測量數據，由MATLAB計算求出其函數表達式，明確表示出各物理量之間的關(guān)系。同時(shí)在屏幕上作出函數表達式的曲線(xiàn)，實(shí)現了數據分析和處理的快捷、準確和直觀(guān)。計算結果與實(shí)際記錄基本吻合。
關(guān)鍵詞：數學(xué)建模；曲線(xiàn)擬合；水塔流量
Abstract
Mathematics modelling is a classical method to the process scientific theory . Also, it’s a common method to solve all kinds of actual problems. Through the processing of abstract, simplification, supposition and introduction variable, we can express the actual problem with mathematics, establish the mathematical model, and adopt the advanced mathematics method and computer technology to carry on the solution . Generally speaking, the curve fitting is to use a suitable curve imitating, a group with (or multi-groups) the empirical datum, and then abtain mathematics relationship in line with the fact well. MATLAB is a new advanced language applying in the field of engineering calculation and the numerical analysis . This article will discuss MATLAB —— this powerful tool applying in the empirical datum analysis and processing. Utilize the relevant data about the flow of the water tower acquired in survey to realize the input of survey data for erperient into the computer ,first by way of the lowese square metheod and later through programming; then, the function expression will be worked out through MATLAB computation ,and the relationship between various physical volume can be showed clearly. Meanwhile the curve of function expression on the screen makes it quick, accurate and direct for figures analying and processing. The computed result corresponds to the real record basically.
Key words：mathematics modeling; curve fitting ; water tank current capacity
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