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論服務(wù)企業(yè)關(guān)系質(zhì)量管理策略
摘要:隨著(zhù)營(yíng)銷(xiāo)范式向關(guān)系營(yíng)銷(xiāo)的轉變,傳統服務(wù)質(zhì)量管理理論的局限性已日益顯現。作為服務(wù)提供者,不僅要考慮為顧客提供的服務(wù)質(zhì)量水平,而且更要注重企業(yè)與顧客的關(guān)系質(zhì)量水平。關(guān)系質(zhì)量管理,以更微觀(guān)的視角動(dòng)態(tài)化地分析了顧客感知關(guān)系質(zhì)量的形成過(guò)程,對感知服務(wù)質(zhì)量與關(guān)系的內在聯(lián)系進(jìn)行了深入闡釋?zhuān)卣沽朔⻊?wù)質(zhì)量管理的范疇,提高了服務(wù)質(zhì)量管理的有效性與效率。服務(wù)企業(yè)的關(guān)系質(zhì)量管理策略主要表現為重視關(guān)系投資、構建關(guān)系機制、運用關(guān)系技術(shù)以及強調關(guān)系績(jì)效! £P(guān)鍵詞:關(guān)系質(zhì)量 服務(wù)質(zhì)量 管理Abstract: With marketing to relationship marketing paradigm change in the traditional service quality management theory of limitations has increasingly shown. As service providers, not only to consider to provide customers with the quality of service standards, and pay greater attention to the relationship between businesses and customers the level of quality. Quality management relations, a more microscopic perspective dynamic analysis of the customer perception of the quality of relations between the formation process, service quality and perception of the relationship between the intrinsic link has conducted in-depth explanation, expanding the scope of service quality management, improve service quality management Effectiveness and efficiency. The relationship between the quality of enterprise services management strategy attaches importance to relations mainly for investment, building mechanism, the use of technology and stressed that relations between performance. Key words: Concern mass , service quality , management
一、關(guān)系質(zhì)量概述
文獻回顧表明,迄今為止,關(guān)系質(zhì)量概念還未取得一致認識,不同學(xué)者從不同視角和構成維度對關(guān)系質(zhì)量概念進(jìn)行闡釋。Gummesson(1987)認為關(guān)系質(zhì)量是在強調“對顧客關(guān)系的技巧化處理是顧客感知質(zhì)量的一部分”的過(guò)程中所形成的一個(gè)概念[1];Dayer and Oh(1987)認為關(guān)系質(zhì)量是對交易伙伴滿(mǎn)意、信任和最小化機會(huì )主義的體現,滿(mǎn)意、信任、最小化機會(huì )主義是關(guān)系質(zhì)量的三個(gè)主要構件;Crosby, Evans and Cowles(1990)認為高關(guān)系質(zhì)量意味著(zhù)顧客能夠依賴(lài)銷(xiāo)售人員的誠實(shí)(integrity),并且對銷(xiāo)售人員未來(lái)的表現充滿(mǎn)信心(confidence),顧客滿(mǎn)意和對銷(xiāo)售人員信任是關(guān)系質(zhì)量的主要構件[2];Hennig-Thurau and Klee(1996,1997)認為關(guān)系質(zhì)量是為滿(mǎn)足顧客需要的關(guān)系的適宜程度,它由服務(wù)(或產(chǎn)品)質(zhì)量感知、信任和承諾三個(gè)維度構成;Dorsch, Swanson and Kelley(1998)在總結前人概念分析的基礎上,認為關(guān)系質(zhì)量是由信任、滿(mǎn)意、承諾、最小化機會(huì )主義、顧客導向和道德形象等組成的一個(gè)較高級構件(higher-order)。雖然不同學(xué)者對概念的理解存在差異,但對于關(guān)系質(zhì)量的構成維度,顧客滿(mǎn)意、信任、承諾三個(gè)維度已經(jīng)得到廣泛認可,并且已經(jīng)得到實(shí)證檢驗(Hennig-Thurau, Klee and Langer,1999)。
Liljander-Strandvik(1995)運用差距分析方法,對顧客同企業(yè)關(guān)系進(jìn)行了深入考察,提出了Liljander-Strandvik關(guān)系質(zhì)量模型[3]。Liljander-Strandvik首先將感知質(zhì)量區分為情節層次和關(guān)系層次,通過(guò)情節績(jì)效與標準的比較,形成情節質(zhì)量,而關(guān)系績(jì)效與標準的比較,形成關(guān)系質(zhì)量。Liljander-Strandvik關(guān)系質(zhì)量模型從多個(gè)角度探討了感知服務(wù)質(zhì)量及其關(guān)系的形成過(guò)程,描述了顧客在不同階段的服務(wù)體驗,闡釋了顧客如何感知與服務(wù)提供者的關(guān)系,對關(guān)系質(zhì)量的形成機制進(jìn)行了較為科學(xué)的說(shuō)明。Henig-Thurau
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